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1.41783L252.467 2.47876L251.45 2.3637L251.707 0.60165C252.118 0.401088 252.563 0.253475 253.041 0.15797C253.519 0.0529708 253.958 1.99446e-05 254.359 0Z\"\n    fill=\"currentColor\" />\u003C/g>",{"tile":13,"orbsWithOnlyMarkdownPages":370},{"id":14,"data":15,"type":16,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20,"orbs":21},"27cee849-67e7-4172-b2df-17c2c6bb8aeb",{"type":16,"title":17,"tagline":18},9,"The Characteristics of Life (Part 2)","How organisms stay alive and internally regulate",3,7,[22,180,298],{"id":23,"data":24,"type":25,"version":19,"maxContentLevel":19,"summaryPage":27,"introPage":36,"pages":43},"956ff1dd-570a-4ace-af15-8143c6d9f157",{"type":25,"title":26},2,"Metabolism",{"id":28,"data":29,"type":19,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":35},"68dc00fc-ff13-4042-a606-7387fe8f0241",{"type":19,"summary":30},[31,32,33,34],"Metabolism is all chemical reactions keeping organisms alive.","Anabolism builds complex molecules using energy from ATP.","Catabolism breaks down molecules, releasing energy as ATP.","Metabolism balances energy use and storage for life processes.",1,{"id":37,"data":38,"type":39,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":35},"73a8db81-21d6-40b5-84bf-4274881d39a9",{"type":39,"intro":40},10,[41,42],"How do cells 'spend' and 'save' energy in metabolism?","What role does ATP play in anabolism and catabolism?",[44,70,107,131],{"id":45,"data":46,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":35,"reviews":49},"3763752c-7dce-4ad0-9833-5ff7770ba590",{"type":35,"markdownContent":47,"audioMediaId":48},"The previous tile looked at three important characteristics of life: cellular structure, reproduction, and growth and development. These processes concern how living things are built and grow over time.\n\nIn this tile, we’ll turn to the ways in which living things **stay alive** by using energy, constant internal regulation, and reacting to what’s happening around them: *metabolism*, *homeostasis*, and *response to stimuli*.\n\nFirst: **metabolism**.\n\nMetabolism refers to all the **chemical reactions** in living organisms that keep them alive.\n\nThese reactions allow organisms to grow, reproduce, repair damage, and respond to their environment.\n\nThe main purpose of metabolism is to convert the energy from food into a form that can be used to fuel cellular activities.\n\nAt the heart of metabolism are two key processes: **catabolism** and **anabolism**, which work together to manage how the body uses and stores energy.","41c12fa4-436d-4e5c-ad42-ad7ac74feda4",[50],{"id":51,"data":52,"type":53,"version":35,"maxContentLevel":19},"fd5e32e5-a577-462e-8d8c-650a5d9d6806",{"type":53,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":35,"collapsingSiblings":54,"multiChoiceQuestion":58,"multiChoiceCorrect":60,"multiChoiceIncorrect":62,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":66,"matchPairsPairs":68},11,[55,56,57],"0adbc440-b4c8-45d2-ae03-1f7a74834405","90195c78-4794-4c3e-b18a-df2f97282f68","8dbf8af9-e84a-40d6-9018-647230c667de",[59],"What is the definition of metabolism?",[61],"Sum of all chemical reactions in organisms",[63,64,65],"Breakdown of complex molecules","Synthesis of proteins","Conversion of light energy",[67],"Match the pairs below:",[69],{"left":26,"right":61,"direction":19},{"id":71,"data":72,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":19,"reviews":75},"b8bf6b53-2cea-4f6d-b3ce-e02057d8ae15",{"type":35,"markdownContent":73,"audioMediaId":74},"**Catabolism** is the part of metabolism that breaks down complex molecules, like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, into simpler ones, which can be used for energy.\n\nFor example, when you eat food, your body's catabolic processes break it down into smaller components, such as glucose. Then, through processes like glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, glucose is further broken down, releasing energy.\n\nThis energy is stored in the form of **ATP** **(adenosine triphosphate)**, a molecule that cells use to fuel immediate activities—from exercising to essential bodily functions like keeping your heart beating and maintaining body temperature.\n\n![Graph](image://1ebff48d-3695-4552-97c0-fab32673dab9 \"Soldier running in water (Public domain), via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThink of **ATP** as the body's \"energy cash\" which it withdraws from a harder-to-access bank account. When the body needs energy, it withdraws the cash (**ATP**) through **catabolism**. Catabolism breaks down energy sources to produce ATP for immediate use.\n\nThe energy your body uses can come from two sources:\n\n1. Food you've just eaten\n2. Energy stored in your body, such as **glycogen** in your liver and muscles, or **fat** in your fat cells.\n\nThis is why you can continue exercising even when you haven’t just eaten—your body taps into stored energy, breaking it down to produce ATP, which powers your muscles to keep working.","cbd26d0c-f09a-4176-b27c-8c2969322bf3",[76,88],{"id":77,"data":78,"type":53,"version":19,"maxContentLevel":19},"1cf58c60-7ee3-4643-a6ef-968b9d303348",{"type":53,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":35,"multiChoiceQuestion":79,"multiChoiceCorrect":81,"multiChoiceIncorrect":84,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":87,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[80],"Which of the following apply to catabolic processes?",[82,83],"Breaks down carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins","Captures energy in the form of ATP",[85,86],"Synthesizes new proteins","Can capture light energy",true,{"id":89,"data":90,"type":53,"version":35,"maxContentLevel":19},"104b82bc-b5a6-43fa-a6d7-df3015e453be",{"type":53,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":35,"collapsingSiblings":91,"multiChoiceQuestion":95,"multiChoiceCorrect":97,"multiChoiceIncorrect":99,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":103,"matchPairsPairs":104},[92,93,94],"61138505-ef82-475e-82de-c0066edf0cc3","d52384d7-26fd-429a-b2b4-355c44826bad","767fe561-3a7c-4a61-8813-94037a8f686e",[96],"What happens to glucose in catabolic pathways?",[98],"Broken down in glycolysis and citric acid cycle",[100,101,102],"Synthesized into proteins","Stored as ATP","Captured as light energy",[67],[105],{"left":106,"right":98,"direction":19},"Glucose",{"id":108,"data":109,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":35,"reviews":112},"4de39d7b-716d-4164-9cd6-5e699375f4c5",{"type":35,"markdownContent":110,"audioMediaId":111},"Once the body has obtained energy through catabolism, it can either use that energy for immediate needs or store it for later use through **anabolism**.\n\nAnabolism is the process of building complex molecules from simpler ones, using energy. These complex molecules are essential for growth, repair, and storage.\n\nFor example, after a workout, your body uses anabolism to repair and grow muscles by assembling proteins from amino acids.\n\n**Photosynthesis** is an anabolic process in plants, synthesizing sugar from carbon dioxide and water. This can then be stored as **starch** for future energy use or used to build other necessary molecules.\n\nAnabolic processes require energy, which comes from the **ATP** generated during catabolism.","7c29bf39-31a8-4735-b636-bfdfb9cafe9a",[113,122],{"id":114,"data":115,"type":53,"version":35,"maxContentLevel":19},"cf6f4c52-ba88-4925-8be2-93c01da2d36c",{"type":53,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":35,"binaryQuestion":116,"binaryCorrect":118,"binaryIncorrect":120},[117],"What is the definition of anabolism?",[119],"Constructive part of metabolism (building complex molecules like proteins from simple ones, uses energy)",[121],"Deconstructive part of metabolism (breaking down complex molecules to release usable energy)",{"id":123,"data":124,"type":53,"version":35,"maxContentLevel":19},"9652a6e1-35df-4f25-b2d3-c16d5a7029ba",{"type":53,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":35,"binaryQuestion":125,"binaryCorrect":127,"binaryIncorrect":129},[126],"Which process is an example of anabolism?",[128],"Photosynthesis synthesizes sugar from CO2 and water",[130],"Cellular respiration breaks down glucose into CO₂ and water",{"id":132,"data":133,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":25,"reviews":136},"ec5bad75-e746-4422-b2ef-1de6d70e58ee",{"type":35,"markdownContent":134,"audioMediaId":135},"Metabolism is a balanced interplay of these anabolic and catabolic processes. It is a bit like managing a budget.\n\nIf **catabolism** is like withdrawing ready cash **(ATP)** from stores like food or body fat, then **anabolism** is the opposite—more like **depositing money into a savings account**. When your body builds larger molecules, such as glycogen (stored glucose) or fat, it’s storing energy for future use.\n\n![Graph](image://c44e0c38-3ec6-4871-8551-d9c29464bfa5 \"A diagram of the metabolism of food. Christinelmiller, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThese \"savings\" can be accessed later when your body needs energy, like during long periods without food or intense physical activity. At that point, **catabolic processes** break down these stored molecules to release energy.\n\nWe will go into this in further depth later in our later tile on *homeostasis*, but it's worth noting that this balance between catabolism and anabolism is controlled by hormones such as **insulin** and **adrenaline**.\n\n**Insulin** helps the body store energy by promoting the uptake of glucose and the creation of glycogen, proteins, and fats. In contrast, hormones like glucagon and **adrenaline** trigger the breakdown of these stored molecules when the body needs energy.","1450d8f0-f48f-4f38-b13f-485a56f4147b",[137,149,168],{"id":138,"data":139,"type":53,"version":35,"maxContentLevel":19},"9229baff-7d0e-4162-86d1-7414aa0411d3",{"type":53,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":35,"multiChoiceQuestion":140,"multiChoiceCorrect":142,"multiChoiceIncorrect":146,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":87,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[141],"Which of the following statements about ATP are correct?",[143,144,145],"Acts as 'energy cash' for cells","Supplies energy for anabolic processes","Produced during catabolic reactions",[147,148],"Stored long-term in cells for future energy needs","Produced during anabolic reactions",{"id":150,"data":151,"type":53,"version":35,"maxContentLevel":19},"7eaf435d-ec13-4bfe-8a81-4c5ae58fd704",{"type":53,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":35,"collapsingSiblings":152,"multiChoiceQuestion":156,"multiChoiceCorrect":158,"multiChoiceIncorrect":160,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":164,"matchPairsPairs":165},[153,154,155],"d3fc9096-e2ab-4db1-8356-0839cbc4be46","ac27cf67-00ff-4a09-96d5-f986b635e5d5","4e48d196-2d73-464a-a6fa-70b9b74ace54",[157],"What is a function of the hormone 'adrenaline' in metabolism?",[159],"Stimulates catabolic processes",[161,162,163],"Stimulates anabolic processes","Synthesizes proteins","Captures light energy",[67],[166],{"left":167,"right":159,"direction":19},"Adrenaline",{"id":169,"data":170,"type":53,"version":25,"maxContentLevel":19},"9bbcf573-d9e6-48ae-bb89-3c7e9d566780",{"type":53,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":35,"multiChoiceQuestion":171,"multiChoiceCorrect":173,"multiChoiceIncorrect":176,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":87,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[172],"Which of the following are functions of the hormone 'insulin'?",[174,175],"Promotes glucose uptake","Stimulates anabolic processes (synthesis of glycogen, proteins, and fats)",[177,178,179],"Stimulates catabolic processes (breaking down carbohydrates and fats)","Releases energy from ATP","Captures light energy (through photosynthesis)",{"id":181,"data":182,"type":25,"version":184,"maxContentLevel":19,"summaryPage":185,"introPage":193,"pages":199},"abfb7528-d40a-4aaf-afd7-3fc2f4191397",{"type":25,"title":183},"Homeostasis",4,{"id":186,"data":187,"type":19,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":35},"1f0ef181-3b19-4141-b9e9-35f201ac2ebb",{"type":19,"summary":188},[189,190,191,192],"Homeostasis keeps internal conditions stable for survival, despite external conditions.","Feedback loops regulate things like body temperature and glucose levels.","Organisms use behavioral and physiological strategies for homeostasis.","Ecosystem stability relies on organism homeostasis.",{"id":194,"data":195,"type":39,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":35},"ab579beb-9103-4166-829b-f9b7a88b8ecc",{"type":39,"intro":196},[197,198],"Why is keeping a stable body temperature crucial for survival?","How do feedback loops help organisms stay balanced?",[200,220,257,293],{"id":201,"data":202,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":25,"reviews":205},"fa206d61-578a-4b8f-8212-7862f023663f",{"type":35,"markdownContent":203,"audioMediaId":204},"Homeostasis is a concept fundamental to the biology of all living organisms, referring to the **ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment** despite changes in external conditions.\n\nImagine a finely tuned thermostat in a house that adjusts the temperature to remain constant, regardless of the weather outside. Similarly, the human body maintains a steady internal temperature and regulates various processes, such as blood sugar levels and pH balance, ensuring that conditions within the body remain within a narrow, optimal range.\n\n![Graph](image://ac2515fc-8088-4a15-ba66-ca5a9d6daaf4 \"BC103 thermostat front view (CC0) \u003Chttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThis stability is essential for the survival and proper functioning of organisms. It ensures:\n\n- **Optimal Functioning of Enzymes and Cells**: Stable internal conditions allow enzymes and cell activity to function efficiently, supporting growth and development, energy production, and reproduction\n\n- **Coordination of Organ Systems**: In multicellular organisms, homeostasis enables different organ systems to work together effectively, maintaining overall health and balance.","1de2a1a7-7007-42bf-ad49-1775f6418867",[206],{"id":56,"data":207,"type":53,"version":35,"maxContentLevel":19},{"type":53,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":35,"collapsingSiblings":208,"multiChoiceQuestion":209,"multiChoiceCorrect":211,"multiChoiceIncorrect":213,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":217,"matchPairsPairs":218},[55,51,57],[210],"What is the definition of homeostasis?",[212],"Ability to maintain a stable internal environment",[214,215,216],"Ability to change internal environment","Ability to maintain a stable external environment","Ability to change external environment",[67],[219],{"left":183,"right":212,"direction":19},{"id":221,"data":222,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":25,"reviews":225},"45ff0b25-070d-4702-9f26-c2bfe8b0ed71",{"type":35,"markdownContent":223,"audioMediaId":224},"At its core, homeostasis involves the regulation of various physiological parameters within an organism.\n\nThese parameters can include **temperature**, **pH levels**, **glucose concentration**, and more.\n\nFor instance, humans maintain a body temperature of approximately 37°C, while the blood pH is tightly regulated close to 7.4.\n\nThese conditions are not random but are instead the result of evolution, tailored to the enzymes and cellular processes that drive life. If these internal conditions deviate too far from their ideal values, cellular processes can either slow down significantly or stop altogether, leading to illness or death.\n\nOrganisms have evolved a variety of mechanisms to maintain homeostasis, which include both **behavioral** and **physiological** strategies.\n\nFor example, when confronted with high ambient temperatures, humans can sweat to cool down through evaporative cooling, a physiological response.\n\nConversely, in colder environments, humans might shiver to generate heat or wear additional clothing, a behavioral response.\n\n![Graph](image://103f114f-ceed-46fd-baf2-1f4abffc210b \"A woman shivering in the cold. Image by Azlan DuPree (CC BY 2.0) \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\")","8e059259-ac72-4e38-b710-3c655bf91eb9",[226,235,246],{"id":227,"data":228,"type":53,"version":35,"maxContentLevel":19},"142c1c13-59d6-49e8-9606-cb620b28e42e",{"type":53,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":35,"activeRecallQuestion":229,"activeRecallAnswers":231},[230],"Name 3 parameters that are regulated by homeostasis",[232,233,234],"Temperature","pH levels","Glucose concentration",{"id":236,"data":237,"type":53,"version":35,"maxContentLevel":19},"f49d0db3-0ebb-440d-99a6-3b75829b6688",{"type":53,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":35,"multiChoiceQuestion":238,"multiChoiceCorrect":240,"multiChoiceIncorrect":242,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[239],"What is the approximate human body temperature?",[241],"37°C",[243,244,245],"36°C","38°C","39°C",{"id":247,"data":248,"type":53,"version":35,"maxContentLevel":19},"c638ca37-84ae-4a9f-8e8b-8b5fe99ffbdd",{"type":53,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":35,"multiChoiceQuestion":249,"multiChoiceCorrect":251,"multiChoiceIncorrect":253,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[250],"What is the tightly regulated blood pH level in humans?",[252],"7.4",[254,255,256],"7.0","7.2","7.6",{"id":258,"data":259,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":184,"reviews":262},"8d26e1d8-ee49-4ca1-8ec8-593336f5ac84",{"type":35,"markdownContent":260,"audioMediaId":261},"An organism's actions and reactions (to, for example, external temperature) are part of a feedback system that is the hallmark of homeostasis.\n\nThis **feedback system** is usually negative, meaning that the response to a change is to negate or reverse the change. For example, if an organism's body temperature rises, mechanisms are activated to decrease it, and vice versa.\n\n![Graph](image://a84edadc-1d16-4727-8196-a564c3a7191a \"Negative Feedback Loops. Image: OpenStax, CC BY 4.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThe concept of feedback loops is central to understanding homeostasis.\n\nThese loops involve:\n\n1. (1) Sensors that monitor various conditions\n2. (2) Control centers that process this information\n3. (3) Effectors that produce responses to restore equilibrium.\n\nThe pancreas, for example, functions as both a **sensor** and a **control center** in glucose regulation by releasing insulin when blood glucose levels are high, prompting cells to absorb glucose and thus lowering blood glucose levels.\n\nThis is a complex mechanism and something we’ll be revisiting later in the pathway.","de9ee287-cb52-43b4-b1ca-c95d9a1cf062",[263,281],{"id":264,"data":265,"type":53,"version":19,"maxContentLevel":19},"499ff7ac-84c2-481d-9e07-93d8174b3f08",{"type":53,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":35,"collapsingSiblings":266,"multiChoiceQuestion":269,"multiChoiceCorrect":271,"multiChoiceIncorrect":273,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":276,"matchPairsPairs":277},[267,268],"913f437d-1d0b-4e6c-b821-60ac107981c2","ebcd182b-6147-4880-8b3e-c256c9c8324e",[270],"Which concept is exemplified by the pancreas in glucose regulation?",[272],"Feedback Loop",[274,275],"Thermoregulation","Osmoregulation",[67],[278],{"left":279,"right":280,"direction":19},"Feedback Loops","The pancreas fulfilling its role in glucose regulation",{"id":282,"data":283,"type":53,"version":25,"maxContentLevel":19},"04ddbab1-aad5-446f-ac14-b59f8a9e76fc",{"type":53,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":35,"multiChoiceQuestion":284,"multiChoiceCorrect":286,"multiChoiceIncorrect":290,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":87,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[285],"What roles does the pancreas play in glucose regulation?",[287,288,289],"Functions as both a sensor and control center","Releases insulin when blood glucose levels are high","Releases glucagon when blood glucose levels are low",[291,292],"Regulates blood pressure","Produces digestive enzymes",{"id":294,"data":295,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":25},"463dc474-d64e-4d38-ad65-ca8f9949eec3",{"type":35,"markdownContent":296,"audioMediaId":297},"Homeostasis is not just an individual concern but has implications for entire populations and **ecosystems**.\n\nThe stability of environmental conditions allows ecosystems to thrive and supports biodiversity.\n\n![Graph](image://da74654e-8440-4818-b173-2ec14cbba11b \"A freshwater crab in its natural environment. Image by Mendel264 (CC BY-SA 4.0) \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nChanges in the external environment can disrupt the homeostasis of organisms within it, leading to ecological imbalances.\n\nThus, understanding homeostasis is not only crucial for biology but is also fundamental to ecology and environmental science.\n\nIn summary, homeostasis is a vital biological principle that ensures the stability of the internal environment of organisms, enabling life to flourish in a variety of conditions. Through a series of regulated feedback mechanisms, organisms can adjust to internal and external changes, promoting health, growth, and survival.","dac4ece4-a207-4c9e-a7b7-159dfd6b3bbf",{"id":299,"data":300,"type":25,"version":184,"maxContentLevel":19,"summaryPage":302,"introPage":310,"pages":316},"4e0354b3-4099-4e32-9809-477f3cb24c0d",{"type":25,"title":301},"Response to Stimuli",{"id":303,"data":304,"type":19,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":35},"abc91c8e-d274-4357-a1d4-e4b2e70f6603",{"type":19,"summary":305},[306,307,308,309],"Organisms sense changes to survive and reproduce.","Bees use the sun for navigation and communication.","Migratory birds navigate using Earth's magnetic field.","Seasonal changes trigger immediate responses in animals and plants.",{"id":311,"data":312,"type":39,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":35},"0975738f-d448-4d12-9443-3081fa1e4377",{"type":39,"intro":313},[314,315],"How do bees use the sun to find food?","What helps migratory birds navigate long distances?",[317,341,346],{"id":318,"data":319,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":184,"reviews":322},"a5ca12bd-4ea3-46a0-967c-8db042ca8ff6",{"type":35,"markdownContent":320,"audioMediaId":321},"Organisms interact with their environment in a myriad of ways to ensure survival and reproduction. This interaction is a fundamental aspect of biology, encompassing both simple and complex organisms.\n\nThe ability to **respond to environmental stimuli** is crucial for navigating the challenges of life, such as finding food, seeking shelter, avoiding predators, and maintaining homeostasis.\n\n![Graph](image://20b5b5c0-0ba7-489f-9014-7ea880e2156e \"Sheep seek shelter from the approaching storm - geograph.org.uk - 2257068 by Alan Reid (CC BY-SA 2.0) \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nAt the heart of these interactions is the concept of **environmental sensing**, where organisms detect immediate changes in their surroundings and respond in ways that enhance their chances of survival.\n\nThis process can be observed across the entire spectrum of life, from single-celled bacteria to complex multicellular organisms like humans.","50c1748d-38e9-44a4-933f-02f4af63f7f6",[323],{"id":324,"data":325,"type":53,"version":184,"maxContentLevel":19},"a5e10126-8afd-4725-beb2-29b0bc91d4b5",{"type":53,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":35,"collapsingSiblings":326,"multiChoiceQuestion":329,"multiChoiceCorrect":331,"multiChoiceIncorrect":333,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":337,"matchPairsPairs":338},[327,328],"9e2f6961-631b-4228-afd9-cb482088e9e7","acc126f4-f4be-49fe-93e8-bf0bb1d63665",[330],"What is the definition of Environmental Sensing?",[332],"Detection of immediate changes in surroundings",[334,335,336],"Tracking of long-term changes in surroundings","Detection of changes in internal environment","Detection of changes in genetic makeup",[67],[339],{"left":340,"right":332,"direction":19},"Environmental Sensing",{"id":342,"data":343,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":35},"75c5933b-e6b8-438b-bef0-86abb636bbbc",{"type":35,"markdownContent":344,"audioMediaId":345},"One example of an immediate response to the environment is seen in bees, which use the sun's position as a navigational aid.\n\nBees have a remarkable ability to **detect the angle of the sun** relative to their hive, even when it's partially obscured by clouds.\n\nThis allows them to communicate the direction and distance of food sources to other members of their colony through the \"**waggle dance**.\" The detection of the sun's position and the subsequent behavior is an immediate response to environmental stimuli that helps bees efficiently gather resources.\n\n![Graph](image://83eaaf16-3f65-40a5-b7be-b1cb9f55999c \"Bee waggle dance. Image: (Figure design: J. Tautz and M. Kleinhenz, Beegroup Würzburg.), CC BY 2.5 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5>, via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nSimilarly, many animals, including migratory birds and sea turtles, respond to Earth's magnetic field to navigate. These animals have **specialized sensory cells** that detect the magnetic field and help them orient themselves during long journeys.\n\nFor example, migratory birds use this magnetic sense to adjust their flight paths, ensuring they stay on course during migration. This response to the Earth's magnetic field is crucial for successful navigation over vast distances.\n\n![Graph](image://365408dc-93a6-439f-9f93-abf84933480e \"A Bar-tailed Godwit migration path (Public domain), via Wikimedia Commons\")","9a8514ac-00c3-4498-876a-09c8c03c6be7",{"id":347,"data":348,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":25,"reviews":351},"397cede7-29cc-41cf-b7da-0a46d3c7f48c",{"type":35,"markdownContent":349,"audioMediaId":350},"**Seasonal changes** also trigger immediate responses in many organisms.\n\nFor instance, some plants, like the common sunflower, exhibit a phenomenon known as **phototropism**, where they orient their leaves or flowers to track the sun’s movement across the sky.\n\nThis daily adjustment maximizes their exposure to sunlight, optimizing photosynthesis. While this response occurs daily, it's a direct reaction to the sun's position and is crucial for the plant's energy acquisition.\n\n![Graph](image://e0699078-984f-4f04-8825-409e400fa6f4 \"A house plant after having light from only one side by VolodyA! V Anarhist (FAL) \u003Chttp://artlibre.org/licence/lal/en>, via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nIn animals, seasonal adaptations can also involve immediate behavioral changes. For example, as daylight hours shorten in the autumn, certain animals, like squirrels, respond by increasing their food-gathering activity to prepare for winter.\n\n![Graph](image://bbb110d2-5337-454d-8e31-d5157c2f2d63 \"Burying a nut (10458497135) by Peter Trimming (CC BY 2.0) \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThis behavior is triggered by the change in day length and is a direct response to an environmental cue that helps the animal survive the upcoming colder months.\n\nIn summary, the timing and coordination of growth, reproduction, and homeostasis are strongly shaped by an organism's ability to sense and respond to environmental cues.\n\nAnd as we will return to later, this is also vital for evolutionary success: organisms that adapt effectively are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes.","ca312787-ea15-4714-943d-f8419e1bc9d2",[352],{"id":353,"data":354,"type":53,"version":25,"maxContentLevel":19},"530a082b-0c0c-4c6c-a521-7076d29316ad",{"type":53,"reviewType":355,"spacingBehaviour":35,"matchPairsQuestion":356,"matchPairsPairs":357,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},6,[67],[358,361,364,367],{"left":359,"right":360,"direction":19},"Heliotropism","Plants track sun’s movement",{"left":362,"right":363,"direction":19},"Waggle Dance","Bees communicate food source direction and distance",{"left":365,"right":366,"direction":19},"Magnetic Sensing","Used by migratory birds and sea turtles",{"left":368,"right":369,"direction":19},"Seasonal Adaptations","Triggered by changes in day length",[371,748,1024],{"id":23,"data":24,"type":25,"version":19,"maxContentLevel":19,"summaryPage":27,"introPage":36,"pages":372},[373,476,590,646],{"id":45,"data":46,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":35,"reviews":49,"parsed":374},{"data":375,"body":378,"toc":474},{"title":376,"description":377},"","The previous tile looked at three important characteristics of life: cellular structure, reproduction, and growth and development. These processes concern how living things are built and grow over time.",{"type":379,"children":380},"root",[381,388,423,433,445,450,455],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":384,"children":385},"element","p",{},[386],{"type":387,"value":377},"text",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":389,"children":390},{},[391,393,399,401,407,409,414,416,421],{"type":387,"value":392},"In this tile, we’ll turn to the ways in which living things ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":395,"children":396},"strong",{},[397],{"type":387,"value":398},"stay alive",{"type":387,"value":400}," by using energy, constant internal regulation, and reacting to what’s happening around them: ",{"type":382,"tag":402,"props":403,"children":404},"em",{},[405],{"type":387,"value":406},"metabolism",{"type":387,"value":408},", ",{"type":382,"tag":402,"props":410,"children":411},{},[412],{"type":387,"value":413},"homeostasis",{"type":387,"value":415},", and ",{"type":382,"tag":402,"props":417,"children":418},{},[419],{"type":387,"value":420},"response to stimuli",{"type":387,"value":422},".",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":424,"children":425},{},[426,428,432],{"type":387,"value":427},"First: ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":429,"children":430},{},[431],{"type":387,"value":406},{"type":387,"value":422},{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":434,"children":435},{},[436,438,443],{"type":387,"value":437},"Metabolism refers to all the ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":439,"children":440},{},[441],{"type":387,"value":442},"chemical reactions",{"type":387,"value":444}," in living organisms that keep them alive.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":446,"children":447},{},[448],{"type":387,"value":449},"These reactions allow organisms to grow, reproduce, repair damage, and respond to their environment.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":451,"children":452},{},[453],{"type":387,"value":454},"The main purpose of metabolism is to convert the energy from food into a form that can be used to fuel cellular activities.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":456,"children":457},{},[458,460,465,467,472],{"type":387,"value":459},"At the heart of metabolism are two key processes: ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":461,"children":462},{},[463],{"type":387,"value":464},"catabolism",{"type":387,"value":466}," and ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":468,"children":469},{},[470],{"type":387,"value":471},"anabolism",{"type":387,"value":473},", which work together to manage how the body uses and stores energy.",{"title":376,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":475},[],{"id":71,"data":72,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":19,"reviews":75,"parsed":477},{"data":478,"body":480,"toc":588},{"title":376,"description":479},"Catabolism is the part of metabolism that breaks down complex molecules, like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, into simpler ones, which can be used for energy.",{"type":379,"children":481},[482,492,497,516,526,549,554,583],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":483,"children":484},{},[485,490],{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":486,"children":487},{},[488],{"type":387,"value":489},"Catabolism",{"type":387,"value":491}," is the part of metabolism that breaks down complex molecules, like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, into simpler ones, which can be used for energy.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":493,"children":494},{},[495],{"type":387,"value":496},"For example, when you eat food, your body's catabolic processes break it down into smaller components, such as glucose. Then, through processes like glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, glucose is further broken down, releasing energy.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":498,"children":499},{},[500,502,507,509,514],{"type":387,"value":501},"This energy is stored in the form of ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":503,"children":504},{},[505],{"type":387,"value":506},"ATP",{"type":387,"value":508}," ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":510,"children":511},{},[512],{"type":387,"value":513},"(adenosine triphosphate)",{"type":387,"value":515},", a molecule that cells use to fuel immediate activities—from exercising to essential bodily functions like keeping your heart beating and maintaining body temperature.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":517,"children":518},{},[519],{"type":382,"tag":520,"props":521,"children":525},"img",{"alt":522,"src":523,"title":524},"Graph","image://1ebff48d-3695-4552-97c0-fab32673dab9","Soldier running in water (Public domain), via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":527,"children":528},{},[529,531,535,537,541,543,547],{"type":387,"value":530},"Think of ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":532,"children":533},{},[534],{"type":387,"value":506},{"type":387,"value":536}," as the body's \"energy cash\" which it withdraws from a harder-to-access bank account. When the body needs energy, it withdraws the cash (",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":538,"children":539},{},[540],{"type":387,"value":506},{"type":387,"value":542},") through ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":544,"children":545},{},[546],{"type":387,"value":464},{"type":387,"value":548},". Catabolism breaks down energy sources to produce ATP for immediate use.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":550,"children":551},{},[552],{"type":387,"value":553},"The energy your body uses can come from two sources:",{"type":382,"tag":555,"props":556,"children":557},"ol",{},[558,564],{"type":382,"tag":559,"props":560,"children":561},"li",{},[562],{"type":387,"value":563},"Food you've just eaten",{"type":382,"tag":559,"props":565,"children":566},{},[567,569,574,576,581],{"type":387,"value":568},"Energy stored in your body, such as ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":570,"children":571},{},[572],{"type":387,"value":573},"glycogen",{"type":387,"value":575}," in your liver and muscles, or ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":577,"children":578},{},[579],{"type":387,"value":580},"fat",{"type":387,"value":582}," in your fat cells.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":584,"children":585},{},[586],{"type":387,"value":587},"This is why you can continue exercising even when you haven’t just eaten—your body taps into stored energy, breaking it down to produce ATP, which powers your muscles to keep working.",{"title":376,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":589},[],{"id":108,"data":109,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":35,"reviews":112,"parsed":591},{"data":592,"body":594,"toc":644},{"title":376,"description":593},"Once the body has obtained energy through catabolism, it can either use that energy for immediate needs or store it for later use through anabolism.",{"type":379,"children":595},[596,606,611,616,633],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":597,"children":598},{},[599,601,605],{"type":387,"value":600},"Once the body has obtained energy through catabolism, it can either use that energy for immediate needs or store it for later use through ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":602,"children":603},{},[604],{"type":387,"value":471},{"type":387,"value":422},{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":607,"children":608},{},[609],{"type":387,"value":610},"Anabolism is the process of building complex molecules from simpler ones, using energy. These complex molecules are essential for growth, repair, and storage.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":612,"children":613},{},[614],{"type":387,"value":615},"For example, after a workout, your body uses anabolism to repair and grow muscles by assembling proteins from amino acids.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":617,"children":618},{},[619,624,626,631],{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":620,"children":621},{},[622],{"type":387,"value":623},"Photosynthesis",{"type":387,"value":625}," is an anabolic process in plants, synthesizing sugar from carbon dioxide and water. This can then be stored as ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":627,"children":628},{},[629],{"type":387,"value":630},"starch",{"type":387,"value":632}," for future energy use or used to build other necessary molecules.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":634,"children":635},{},[636,638,642],{"type":387,"value":637},"Anabolic processes require energy, which comes from the ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":639,"children":640},{},[641],{"type":387,"value":506},{"type":387,"value":643}," generated during catabolism.",{"title":376,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":645},[],{"id":132,"data":133,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":25,"reviews":136,"parsed":647},{"data":648,"body":650,"toc":746},{"title":376,"description":649},"Metabolism is a balanced interplay of these anabolic and catabolic processes. It is a bit like managing a budget.",{"type":379,"children":651},[652,656,687,695,707,730],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":653,"children":654},{},[655],{"type":387,"value":649},{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":657,"children":658},{},[659,661,665,667,672,674,678,680,685],{"type":387,"value":660},"If ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":662,"children":663},{},[664],{"type":387,"value":464},{"type":387,"value":666}," is like withdrawing ready cash ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":668,"children":669},{},[670],{"type":387,"value":671},"(ATP)",{"type":387,"value":673}," from stores like food or body fat, then ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":675,"children":676},{},[677],{"type":387,"value":471},{"type":387,"value":679}," is the opposite—more like ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":681,"children":682},{},[683],{"type":387,"value":684},"depositing money into a savings account",{"type":387,"value":686},". When your body builds larger molecules, such as glycogen (stored glucose) or fat, it’s storing energy for future use.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":688,"children":689},{},[690],{"type":382,"tag":520,"props":691,"children":694},{"alt":522,"src":692,"title":693},"image://c44e0c38-3ec6-4871-8551-d9c29464bfa5","A diagram of the metabolism of food. Christinelmiller, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":696,"children":697},{},[698,700,705],{"type":387,"value":699},"These \"savings\" can be accessed later when your body needs energy, like during long periods without food or intense physical activity. At that point, ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":701,"children":702},{},[703],{"type":387,"value":704},"catabolic processes",{"type":387,"value":706}," break down these stored molecules to release energy.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":708,"children":709},{},[710,712,716,718,723,724,729],{"type":387,"value":711},"We will go into this in further depth later in our later tile on ",{"type":382,"tag":402,"props":713,"children":714},{},[715],{"type":387,"value":413},{"type":387,"value":717},", but it's worth noting that this balance between catabolism and anabolism is controlled by hormones such as ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":719,"children":720},{},[721],{"type":387,"value":722},"insulin",{"type":387,"value":466},{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":725,"children":726},{},[727],{"type":387,"value":728},"adrenaline",{"type":387,"value":422},{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":731,"children":732},{},[733,738,740,744],{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":734,"children":735},{},[736],{"type":387,"value":737},"Insulin",{"type":387,"value":739}," helps the body store energy by promoting the uptake of glucose and the creation of glycogen, proteins, and fats. In contrast, hormones like glucagon and ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":741,"children":742},{},[743],{"type":387,"value":728},{"type":387,"value":745}," trigger the breakdown of these stored molecules when the body needs energy.",{"title":376,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":747},[],{"id":181,"data":182,"type":25,"version":184,"maxContentLevel":19,"summaryPage":185,"introPage":193,"pages":749},[750,812,893,977],{"id":201,"data":202,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":25,"reviews":205,"parsed":751},{"data":752,"body":754,"toc":810},{"title":376,"description":753},"Homeostasis is a concept fundamental to the biology of all living organisms, referring to the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.",{"type":379,"children":755},[756,768,773,781,786],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":757,"children":758},{},[759,761,766],{"type":387,"value":760},"Homeostasis is a concept fundamental to the biology of all living organisms, referring to the ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":762,"children":763},{},[764],{"type":387,"value":765},"ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment",{"type":387,"value":767}," despite changes in external conditions.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":769,"children":770},{},[771],{"type":387,"value":772},"Imagine a finely tuned thermostat in a house that adjusts the temperature to remain constant, regardless of the weather outside. Similarly, the human body maintains a steady internal temperature and regulates various processes, such as blood sugar levels and pH balance, ensuring that conditions within the body remain within a narrow, optimal range.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":774,"children":775},{},[776],{"type":382,"tag":520,"props":777,"children":780},{"alt":522,"src":778,"title":779},"image://ac2515fc-8088-4a15-ba66-ca5a9d6daaf4","BC103 thermostat front view (CC0) \u003Chttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":782,"children":783},{},[784],{"type":387,"value":785},"This stability is essential for the survival and proper functioning of organisms. It ensures:",{"type":382,"tag":787,"props":788,"children":789},"ul",{},[790,800],{"type":382,"tag":559,"props":791,"children":792},{},[793,798],{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":794,"children":795},{},[796],{"type":387,"value":797},"Optimal Functioning of Enzymes and Cells",{"type":387,"value":799},": Stable internal conditions allow enzymes and cell activity to function efficiently, supporting growth and development, energy production, and reproduction",{"type":382,"tag":559,"props":801,"children":802},{},[803,808],{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":804,"children":805},{},[806],{"type":387,"value":807},"Coordination of Organ Systems",{"type":387,"value":809},": In multicellular organisms, homeostasis enables different organ systems to work together effectively, maintaining overall health and balance.",{"title":376,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":811},[],{"id":221,"data":222,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":25,"reviews":225,"parsed":813},{"data":814,"body":816,"toc":891},{"title":376,"description":815},"At its core, homeostasis involves the regulation of various physiological parameters within an organism.",{"type":379,"children":817},[818,822,845,850,855,873,878,883],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":819,"children":820},{},[821],{"type":387,"value":815},{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":823,"children":824},{},[825,827,832,833,837,838,843],{"type":387,"value":826},"These parameters can include ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":828,"children":829},{},[830],{"type":387,"value":831},"temperature",{"type":387,"value":408},{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":834,"children":835},{},[836],{"type":387,"value":233},{"type":387,"value":408},{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":839,"children":840},{},[841],{"type":387,"value":842},"glucose concentration",{"type":387,"value":844},", and more.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":846,"children":847},{},[848],{"type":387,"value":849},"For instance, humans maintain a body temperature of approximately 37°C, while the blood pH is tightly regulated close to 7.4.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":851,"children":852},{},[853],{"type":387,"value":854},"These conditions are not random but are instead the result of evolution, tailored to the enzymes and cellular processes that drive life. If these internal conditions deviate too far from their ideal values, cellular processes can either slow down significantly or stop altogether, leading to illness or death.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":856,"children":857},{},[858,860,865,866,871],{"type":387,"value":859},"Organisms have evolved a variety of mechanisms to maintain homeostasis, which include both ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":861,"children":862},{},[863],{"type":387,"value":864},"behavioral",{"type":387,"value":466},{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":867,"children":868},{},[869],{"type":387,"value":870},"physiological",{"type":387,"value":872}," strategies.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":874,"children":875},{},[876],{"type":387,"value":877},"For example, when confronted with high ambient temperatures, humans can sweat to cool down through evaporative cooling, a physiological response.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":879,"children":880},{},[881],{"type":387,"value":882},"Conversely, in colder environments, humans might shiver to generate heat or wear additional clothing, a behavioral response.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":884,"children":885},{},[886],{"type":382,"tag":520,"props":887,"children":890},{"alt":522,"src":888,"title":889},"image://103f114f-ceed-46fd-baf2-1f4abffc210b","A woman shivering in the cold. Image by Azlan DuPree (CC BY 2.0) \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"title":376,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":892},[],{"id":258,"data":259,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":184,"reviews":262,"parsed":894},{"data":895,"body":897,"toc":975},{"title":376,"description":896},"An organism's actions and reactions (to, for example, external temperature) are part of a feedback system that is the hallmark of homeostasis.",{"type":379,"children":898},[899,903,915,923,928,933,951,970],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":900,"children":901},{},[902],{"type":387,"value":896},{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":904,"children":905},{},[906,908,913],{"type":387,"value":907},"This ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":909,"children":910},{},[911],{"type":387,"value":912},"feedback system",{"type":387,"value":914}," is usually negative, meaning that the response to a change is to negate or reverse the change. For example, if an organism's body temperature rises, mechanisms are activated to decrease it, and vice versa.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":916,"children":917},{},[918],{"type":382,"tag":520,"props":919,"children":922},{"alt":522,"src":920,"title":921},"image://a84edadc-1d16-4727-8196-a564c3a7191a","Negative Feedback Loops. Image: OpenStax, CC BY 4.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":924,"children":925},{},[926],{"type":387,"value":927},"The concept of feedback loops is central to understanding homeostasis.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":929,"children":930},{},[931],{"type":387,"value":932},"These loops involve:",{"type":382,"tag":555,"props":934,"children":935},{},[936,941,946],{"type":382,"tag":559,"props":937,"children":938},{},[939],{"type":387,"value":940},"(1) Sensors that monitor various conditions",{"type":382,"tag":559,"props":942,"children":943},{},[944],{"type":387,"value":945},"(2) Control centers that process this information",{"type":382,"tag":559,"props":947,"children":948},{},[949],{"type":387,"value":950},"(3) Effectors that produce responses to restore equilibrium.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":952,"children":953},{},[954,956,961,963,968],{"type":387,"value":955},"The pancreas, for example, functions as both a ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":957,"children":958},{},[959],{"type":387,"value":960},"sensor",{"type":387,"value":962}," and a ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":964,"children":965},{},[966],{"type":387,"value":967},"control center",{"type":387,"value":969}," in glucose regulation by releasing insulin when blood glucose levels are high, prompting cells to absorb glucose and thus lowering blood glucose levels.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":971,"children":972},{},[973],{"type":387,"value":974},"This is a complex mechanism and something we’ll be revisiting later in the pathway.",{"title":376,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":976},[],{"id":294,"data":295,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":25,"parsed":978},{"data":979,"body":981,"toc":1022},{"title":376,"description":980},"Homeostasis is not just an individual concern but has implications for entire populations and ecosystems.",{"type":379,"children":982},[983,994,999,1007,1012,1017],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":984,"children":985},{},[986,988,993],{"type":387,"value":987},"Homeostasis is not just an individual concern but has implications for entire populations and ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":989,"children":990},{},[991],{"type":387,"value":992},"ecosystems",{"type":387,"value":422},{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":995,"children":996},{},[997],{"type":387,"value":998},"The stability of environmental conditions allows ecosystems to thrive and supports biodiversity.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1000,"children":1001},{},[1002],{"type":382,"tag":520,"props":1003,"children":1006},{"alt":522,"src":1004,"title":1005},"image://da74654e-8440-4818-b173-2ec14cbba11b","A freshwater crab in its natural environment. Image by Mendel264 (CC BY-SA 4.0) \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1008,"children":1009},{},[1010],{"type":387,"value":1011},"Changes in the external environment can disrupt the homeostasis of organisms within it, leading to ecological imbalances.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1013,"children":1014},{},[1015],{"type":387,"value":1016},"Thus, understanding homeostasis is not only crucial for biology but is also fundamental to ecology and environmental science.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1018,"children":1019},{},[1020],{"type":387,"value":1021},"In summary, homeostasis is a vital biological principle that ensures the stability of the internal environment of organisms, enabling life to flourish in a variety of conditions. Through a series of regulated feedback mechanisms, organisms can adjust to internal and external changes, promoting health, growth, and survival.",{"title":376,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":1023},[],{"id":299,"data":300,"type":25,"version":184,"maxContentLevel":19,"summaryPage":302,"introPage":310,"pages":1025},[1026,1075,1144],{"id":318,"data":319,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":184,"reviews":322,"parsed":1027},{"data":1028,"body":1030,"toc":1073},{"title":376,"description":1029},"Organisms interact with their environment in a myriad of ways to ensure survival and reproduction. This interaction is a fundamental aspect of biology, encompassing both simple and complex organisms.",{"type":379,"children":1031},[1032,1036,1048,1056,1068],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1033,"children":1034},{},[1035],{"type":387,"value":1029},{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1037,"children":1038},{},[1039,1041,1046],{"type":387,"value":1040},"The ability to ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":1042,"children":1043},{},[1044],{"type":387,"value":1045},"respond to environmental stimuli",{"type":387,"value":1047}," is crucial for navigating the challenges of life, such as finding food, seeking shelter, avoiding predators, and maintaining homeostasis.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1049,"children":1050},{},[1051],{"type":382,"tag":520,"props":1052,"children":1055},{"alt":522,"src":1053,"title":1054},"image://20b5b5c0-0ba7-489f-9014-7ea880e2156e","Sheep seek shelter from the approaching storm - geograph.org.uk - 2257068 by Alan Reid (CC BY-SA 2.0) \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1057,"children":1058},{},[1059,1061,1066],{"type":387,"value":1060},"At the heart of these interactions is the concept of ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":1062,"children":1063},{},[1064],{"type":387,"value":1065},"environmental sensing",{"type":387,"value":1067},", where organisms detect immediate changes in their surroundings and respond in ways that enhance their chances of survival.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1069,"children":1070},{},[1071],{"type":387,"value":1072},"This process can be observed across the entire spectrum of life, from single-celled bacteria to complex multicellular organisms like humans.",{"title":376,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":1074},[],{"id":342,"data":343,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":35,"parsed":1076},{"data":1077,"body":1079,"toc":1142},{"title":376,"description":1078},"One example of an immediate response to the environment is seen in bees, which use the sun's position as a navigational aid.",{"type":379,"children":1080},[1081,1085,1097,1109,1117,1129,1134],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1082,"children":1083},{},[1084],{"type":387,"value":1078},{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1086,"children":1087},{},[1088,1090,1095],{"type":387,"value":1089},"Bees have a remarkable ability to ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":1091,"children":1092},{},[1093],{"type":387,"value":1094},"detect the angle of the sun",{"type":387,"value":1096}," relative to their hive, even when it's partially obscured by clouds.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1098,"children":1099},{},[1100,1102,1107],{"type":387,"value":1101},"This allows them to communicate the direction and distance of food sources to other members of their colony through the \"",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":1103,"children":1104},{},[1105],{"type":387,"value":1106},"waggle dance",{"type":387,"value":1108},".\" The detection of the sun's position and the subsequent behavior is an immediate response to environmental stimuli that helps bees efficiently gather resources.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1110,"children":1111},{},[1112],{"type":382,"tag":520,"props":1113,"children":1116},{"alt":522,"src":1114,"title":1115},"image://83eaaf16-3f65-40a5-b7be-b1cb9f55999c","Bee waggle dance. Image: (Figure design: J. Tautz and M. Kleinhenz, Beegroup Würzburg.), CC BY 2.5 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5>, via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1118,"children":1119},{},[1120,1122,1127],{"type":387,"value":1121},"Similarly, many animals, including migratory birds and sea turtles, respond to Earth's magnetic field to navigate. These animals have ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":1123,"children":1124},{},[1125],{"type":387,"value":1126},"specialized sensory cells",{"type":387,"value":1128}," that detect the magnetic field and help them orient themselves during long journeys.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1130,"children":1131},{},[1132],{"type":387,"value":1133},"For example, migratory birds use this magnetic sense to adjust their flight paths, ensuring they stay on course during migration. This response to the Earth's magnetic field is crucial for successful navigation over vast distances.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1135,"children":1136},{},[1137],{"type":382,"tag":520,"props":1138,"children":1141},{"alt":522,"src":1139,"title":1140},"image://365408dc-93a6-439f-9f93-abf84933480e","A Bar-tailed Godwit migration path (Public domain), via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"title":376,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":1143},[],{"id":347,"data":348,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":25,"reviews":351,"parsed":1145},{"data":1146,"body":1148,"toc":1213},{"title":376,"description":1147},"Seasonal changes also trigger immediate responses in many organisms.",{"type":379,"children":1149},[1150,1160,1172,1177,1185,1190,1198,1203,1208],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1151,"children":1152},{},[1153,1158],{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":1154,"children":1155},{},[1156],{"type":387,"value":1157},"Seasonal changes",{"type":387,"value":1159}," also trigger immediate responses in many organisms.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1161,"children":1162},{},[1163,1165,1170],{"type":387,"value":1164},"For instance, some plants, like the common sunflower, exhibit a phenomenon known as ",{"type":382,"tag":394,"props":1166,"children":1167},{},[1168],{"type":387,"value":1169},"phototropism",{"type":387,"value":1171},", where they orient their leaves or flowers to track the sun’s movement across the sky.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1173,"children":1174},{},[1175],{"type":387,"value":1176},"This daily adjustment maximizes their exposure to sunlight, optimizing photosynthesis. While this response occurs daily, it's a direct reaction to the sun's position and is crucial for the plant's energy acquisition.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1178,"children":1179},{},[1180],{"type":382,"tag":520,"props":1181,"children":1184},{"alt":522,"src":1182,"title":1183},"image://e0699078-984f-4f04-8825-409e400fa6f4","A house plant after having light from only one side by VolodyA! V Anarhist (FAL) \u003Chttp://artlibre.org/licence/lal/en>, via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1186,"children":1187},{},[1188],{"type":387,"value":1189},"In animals, seasonal adaptations can also involve immediate behavioral changes. For example, as daylight hours shorten in the autumn, certain animals, like squirrels, respond by increasing their food-gathering activity to prepare for winter.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1191,"children":1192},{},[1193],{"type":382,"tag":520,"props":1194,"children":1197},{"alt":522,"src":1195,"title":1196},"image://bbb110d2-5337-454d-8e31-d5157c2f2d63","Burying a nut (10458497135) by Peter Trimming (CC BY 2.0) \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1199,"children":1200},{},[1201],{"type":387,"value":1202},"This behavior is triggered by the change in day length and is a direct response to an environmental cue that helps the animal survive the upcoming colder months.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1204,"children":1205},{},[1206],{"type":387,"value":1207},"In summary, the timing and coordination of growth, reproduction, and homeostasis are strongly shaped by an organism's ability to sense and respond to environmental cues.",{"type":382,"tag":383,"props":1209,"children":1210},{},[1211],{"type":387,"value":1212},"And as we will return to later, this is also vital for evolutionary success: organisms that adapt effectively are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes.",{"title":376,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":1214},[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":1216,"height":1216,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":1217},24,"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"m9 18l6-6l-6-6\"/>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":1216,"height":1216,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":1219},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M4 5h16M4 12h16M4 19h16\"/>",1778228316695]