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surface","Hugelkultur is a sustainable gardening technique that involves creating raised beds filled with organic materials","Vertical Gardening allows you to grow plants up surfaces or structures",{"id":36,"data":37,"type":38,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20},"90f2ea39-a71a-4081-96fb-9ca9aadf5e62",{"type":38,"intro":39},10,[40,41],"How does companion planting transform a garden?","How does the 'double digging' technique improve soil health?",[43,58,86,112],{"id":44,"data":45,"type":20,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20,"reviews":48},"782e8c3a-1841-4ac8-85a9-d727d7baaaf4",{"type":20,"markdownContent":46,"audioMediaId":47},"If you're a beginner in the world of gardening, it's important to start with the basics. But over time, don't be afraid to experiment with more advanced techniques.\n\nFor example, you might try some Raised Bed Gardening. This technique involves creating planting areas elevated above the ground level. These beds are typically enclosed within frames made of various materials such as wood, stone, or concrete blocks.\n\n ![Graph](image://8c14b181-9f33-4f28-9c71-a6aec965178f \"Raised beds. Srl, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThe soil in raised beds is usually enriched with compost and is higher than the surrounding soil level. This elevated position offers several advantages. For one, it allows for better drainage, preventing waterlogged soil and reducing the risk of root diseases. Additionally, because the soil is not compacted by foot traffic, it tends to be looser and more aerated, which is beneficial for plant roots.\n\nRaised beds offer a number of other benefits. They can improve soil quality, as the contained area makes it easier to manage and amend the soil. The soil is also warmer earlier in the season and stays warmer for longer, extending your growing season.\n","34265460-b529-4868-8e81-4522c4d3ba92",[49],{"id":50,"data":51,"type":52,"version":20,"maxContentLevel":19},"0aa60598-77b9-45fa-b4a4-d86b03a2ca6e",{"type":52,"reviewType":53,"spacingBehaviour":20,"clozeQuestion":54,"clozeWords":56},11,4,[55],"Raised Bed Gardening involves creating planting areas elevated above the ground level.",[57],"Raised Bed",{"id":59,"data":60,"type":20,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20,"reviews":63},"c9559a70-ae97-411a-9b66-d8b048bf4440",{"type":20,"markdownContent":61,"audioMediaId":62},"\nNo Dig Gardening is a unique method that involves layering organic materials on the surface of the soil. This creates a nutrient-rich environment for plants to thrive in. The technique, which was popularized by English horticulturist and author Charles Dowding, involves adding layers of compost, manure, and other organic materials to the soil surface.\n\nThe technique can significantly improve soil structure and biodiversity, leading to healthier and more productive plants. By adding organic matter to the soil, you're not only providing nutrients for your plants but also creating a habitat for beneficial insects and microorganisms.\n\nOne of the main advantages of No Dig Gardening is that it reduces the need for heavy digging and tilling. This makes it a less labor-intensive method of gardening. Moreover, by avoiding digging, you're also preserving the soil structure and preventing the disruption of beneficial soil organisms.\n","1ebe3607-d055-4aae-b6d5-6cde665d8ff4",[64,75],{"id":65,"data":66,"type":52,"version":20,"maxContentLevel":19},"e546db15-c6f4-43ce-8f50-893b5ef7d50b",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":20,"multiChoiceQuestion":67,"multiChoiceCorrect":69,"multiChoiceIncorrect":71,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[68],"A method that involves layering organic materials on the surface of the soil is known as:",[70],"No Dig Gardening",[72,73,74],"Compost Gardening","No Look Gardening","Mulch Gardening",{"id":76,"data":77,"type":52,"version":20,"maxContentLevel":19},"4ec318ac-a6ab-463c-9335-fb611b5f918b",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":20,"multiChoiceQuestion":78,"multiChoiceCorrect":80,"multiChoiceIncorrect":82,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[79],"Which of these statements about No Dig Gardening is false?",[81],"It's more labor intensive",[83,84,85],"It creates a habitat for beneficial insects","It preserves soil structure","It doesn't disrupt soil organisms",{"id":87,"data":88,"type":20,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20,"reviews":91},"7d440de5-a630-4f9a-b339-161eea7b1c41",{"type":20,"markdownContent":89,"audioMediaId":90},"\nHugelkultur is a unique gardening technique that involves creating raised beds filled with organic materials like logs, branches, leaves, and compost.\n\n ![Graph](image://3d19a171-eb77-4384-a762-ba967e6c1c1f \"Hugelkultur. Daderot, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThis method, popularized by farmer, author, and international consultant for natural agriculture Sepp Holzer, is a form of composting in place, where the decomposing wood provides a long-term source of nutrients for plants. Choose a sunny spot for your hugelkultur bed. The location should receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day.\n\nThe benefits of Hugelkultur are numerous. The rotting wood improves soil fertility by slowly releasing nutrients into the soil. It also aids in water retention, reducing the need for frequent watering. Additionally, as the wood decomposes, it generates heat, which can extend the growing season in cooler climates.\n\nHugelkultur beds are not only productive but also sustainable. They can last for years, even decades, with minimal maintenance. This makes Hugelkultur a long-term gardening solution that's ideal for those seeking a low-maintenance, sustainable gardening method.\n","0219de11-208a-4352-8243-0c074db682f2",[92,103],{"id":93,"data":94,"type":52,"version":20,"maxContentLevel":19},"097a99c4-816d-4072-b05e-049c0c65c8d3",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":20,"multiChoiceQuestion":95,"multiChoiceCorrect":97,"multiChoiceIncorrect":99,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[96],"If you're using Hugelkultur, what might you fill your plant beds with?",[98],"Logs",[100,101,102],"Sand","Gravel","Manure",{"id":104,"data":105,"type":52,"version":20,"maxContentLevel":19},"1c553323-1c1d-41db-a006-48a9d0bd9c29",{"type":52,"reviewType":20,"spacingBehaviour":20,"activeRecallQuestion":106,"activeRecallAnswers":108},[107],"What three main benefits are provided by the rotting wood that you might use in a Hugelkultur plant bed?",[109,110,111],"It improves soil fertility","It improves water retention","It generates heat",{"id":113,"data":114,"type":20,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20,"reviews":117},"f0f53d1a-c92a-43fd-81df-f2d3e96976b8",{"type":20,"markdownContent":115,"audioMediaId":116},"\nVertical Gardening is a technique that involves growing plants up surfaces or structures, rather than out along the ground. This method can be used to grow a variety of plants, including vegetables, herbs, flowers, and even some types of fruit.\n\n ![Graph](image://6515ef22-6ab0-4cb1-bca9-163ecc417e64 \"Vertical gardening. Rameshng, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nVertical Gardening is particularly useful in urban environments where space is often limited. By growing plants vertically, you can make the most of your available space, turning walls, fences, and even balconies into productive growing areas using trellises, stakes, cages, netting, or other vertical structures. As the plants grow, you can guide them to climb the support structure by gently tying or clipping them in place.\n\nIn addition to saving space, Vertical Gardening can increase yield per square foot and make gardening accessible for those with limited mobility. It also allows for better air circulation around the plants, which can help prevent disease.\n","484634c2-878a-47a2-9516-a47d0637743f",[118,129,136],{"id":119,"data":120,"type":52,"version":20,"maxContentLevel":19},"0966a9ad-7040-4d4d-b096-8b07af95c621",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":20,"multiChoiceQuestion":121,"multiChoiceCorrect":123,"multiChoiceIncorrect":125,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[122],"Is Vertical Gardening a good idea in urban environments?",[124],"Yes - because it needs less space",[126,127,128],"Yes - because it needs less sun","No - because it needs more space","No - because it needs more sun",{"id":130,"data":131,"type":52,"version":20,"maxContentLevel":19},"16c01128-8d7c-4d05-835d-01bee2d8e665",{"type":52,"reviewType":53,"spacingBehaviour":20,"clozeQuestion":132,"clozeWords":134},[133],"As plants grow, you can guide them to climb a vertical structure by gently tying them in place.",[135],"tying",{"id":137,"data":138,"type":52,"version":20,"maxContentLevel":19},"764a66d6-e0ac-4100-a143-a1a360e974aa",{"type":52,"reviewType":20,"spacingBehaviour":20,"activeRecallQuestion":139,"activeRecallAnswers":141},[140],"What are the three main benefits of Raised Bed Gardening?",[142,143,144],"Better drainage","Looser soil","Warmer soil",{"id":146,"data":147,"type":25,"version":20,"maxContentLevel":19,"summaryPage":149,"introPage":156,"pages":162},"dc163412-0865-4563-8f6f-ae35e6923ca2",{"type":25,"title":148},"Advanced techniques #2",{"id":150,"data":151,"type":19,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20},"bc32e0be-f6ad-437b-99d8-a235d990ed01",{"type":19,"summary":152},[153,154,155],"Hydroponics allows plants to receive precise nutrients directly to their roots","Aquaponics combines aquaculture with hydroponics for sustainable food production","Bonsai is a Japanese art form which lets you cultivate miniature trees",{"id":157,"data":158,"type":38,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20},"2680ffc7-42b2-4deb-91a3-7c114aa200ca",{"type":38,"intro":159},[160,161],"What are the benefits of hydroponics and aquaponics?","What are bonsai, and how can you grow one?",[163,180,193],{"id":164,"data":165,"type":20,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20,"reviews":168},"2b78a36c-2fda-4acc-b947-febe014b38f7",{"type":20,"markdownContent":166,"audioMediaId":167},"Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil, instead using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent. This technique allows plants to receive the exact nutrients they need, delivered directly to their roots.\n\n ![Graph](image://465cccd1-16a7-423f-a055-6f692afa9655 \"Hydroponics. Image via Pexels\")\n\nHydroponics offers several advantages over traditional soil-based gardening. It allows for precise control over the nutrients a plant receives, which can result in higher yields and faster growth. It also uses less water than traditional gardening, as the water in the system can be recirculated.\n\nThere are different types of hydroponic systems, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. In a Deep Water Culture System plants are suspended in a nutrient solution with their roots submerged. Air stones provide oxygen to the roots.\n\nIn a Nutrient Film System, a shallow, sloping channel delivers a thin film of nutrient solution to the plant roots. Excess solution is recirculated. In an Ebb-and-Flow System, the growing tray is periodically flooded with nutrient solution, then drained to allow for oxygen intake.\n","ee1ee68e-a6b1-4885-87c6-e1ae87570172",[169],{"id":170,"data":171,"type":52,"version":20,"maxContentLevel":19},"b6a3f11e-896a-4fe3-a2cf-f029a5e47f24",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":20,"multiChoiceQuestion":172,"multiChoiceCorrect":174,"multiChoiceIncorrect":176,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[173],"In the context of plant growth, what does Hydroponics allow for?",[175],"Both",[177,178,179],"Precise control over nutrients","Decreased water usage","Neither",{"id":181,"data":182,"type":20,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20,"reviews":185},"411af92e-80ca-4cfb-955b-e6e4b4e934d4",{"type":20,"markdownContent":183,"audioMediaId":184},"\nAquaponics is a system that combines conventional aquaculture, which involves raising aquatic animals such as snails, fish, crayfish or prawns in tanks, with hydroponics, which involves cultivating plants in water.\n\n ![Graph](image://0577e245-44ad-4b95-b2cf-c41497b7a6af \"Aquaponics. Ryan Somma, CC BY-SA 2.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nIn an Aquaponics system, the waste produced by the aquatic animals serves a crucial role. This waste, which would otherwise need to be removed to prevent the water from becoming toxic to the animals, is broken down by bacteria into nutrients that the plants can absorb. This process not only cleans the water for the animals but also provides a natural, organic source of fertilizer for the plants.\n\nAquaponics systems are complex and require careful management to maintain the balance between the aquatic animals and the plants. They consist of numerous components that work together in a closed loop system, including the fish tank, a solid waste removal system, a biofilter, and the hydroponic component where the plants are grown.\n\nDespite the complexity, a well-managed aquaponics system can be a highly productive and sustainable method of food production.\n","26603bcb-99b9-4567-8e15-f22396b7f547",[186],{"id":187,"data":188,"type":52,"version":20,"maxContentLevel":19},"bde25729-bd36-4e7b-bec4-ebd11d04f8f6",{"type":52,"reviewType":53,"spacingBehaviour":20,"clozeQuestion":189,"clozeWords":191},[190],"In an Aquaponics system, the waste produced by aquatic animals is broken down by bacteria into nutrients that plants can absorb.",[192],"bacteria",{"id":194,"data":195,"type":20,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20,"reviews":198},"81f00e6e-f3ad-4735-9fa3-fc46e22acdaf",{"type":20,"markdownContent":196,"audioMediaId":197},"\nFor indoor gardeners, Bonsai is a traditional Japanese art form that involves cultivating and shaping miniature trees or shrubs in containers to mimic the appearance of full-sized, mature trees in nature. The word \"Bonsai\" itself means \"planted in a container\" in Japanese.\n\n ![Graph](image://b4739349-06b3-4f22-b86a-c2fe136e518f \"Bonsai tree. Puzzly, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nBonsai artists carefully select suitable tree species for their miniature landscapes. Common choices include pine, maple, juniper, and ficus, among others. Bonsai trees are meticulously pruned and shaped to achieve a balanced and natural appearance. Techniques include pinching and trimming to control the growth of branches, leaves, and roots. Wiring is often used to bend branches and create the desired structure.\n\nBonsai is not limited to Japan, and has enthusiasts and practitioners worldwide. Bonsai exhibitions, clubs, and societies exist in many countries, allowing people to share their passion for this captivating art form.\n","c1febeb4-4d48-4c86-8994-c72bbe44ae79",[199,206],{"id":200,"data":201,"type":52,"version":20,"maxContentLevel":19},"60bc25d7-950e-4002-ba15-f2066218998f",{"type":52,"reviewType":20,"spacingBehaviour":20,"activeRecallQuestion":202,"activeRecallAnswers":204},[203],"What is the traditional Japanese art form that involves cultivating and shaping miniature trees?",[205],"Bonsai",{"id":207,"data":208,"type":52,"version":20,"maxContentLevel":19},"57174436-0587-48e2-99e0-b3b56157658c",{"type":52,"reviewType":209,"spacingBehaviour":20,"matchPairsQuestion":210,"matchPairsPairs":212,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},6,[211],"Match these different Hydroponic methods with their definitions.",[213,216,219,222],{"left":214,"right":215,"direction":19},"Deep Water Culture System","Roots are suspended in nutrient solution",{"left":217,"right":218,"direction":19},"Nutrient Film System","Shallow channel delivers nutrient solution to roots",{"left":220,"right":221,"direction":19},"Ebb-and-Flow System","Roots are periodically flooded with nutrient solution",{"left":223,"right":224,"direction":19},"Hugelkultur System","Not a type of Hydroponics",[226,357],{"id":23,"data":24,"type":25,"version":20,"maxContentLevel":19,"summaryPage":27,"introPage":35,"pages":227},[228,270,292,327],{"id":44,"data":45,"type":20,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20,"reviews":48,"parsed":229},{"data":230,"body":233,"toc":268},{"title":231,"description":232},"","If you're a beginner in the world of gardening, it's important to start with the basics. But over time, don't be afraid to experiment with more advanced techniques.",{"type":234,"children":235},"root",[236,243,248,258,263],{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":239,"children":240},"element","p",{},[241],{"type":242,"value":232},"text",{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":244,"children":245},{},[246],{"type":242,"value":247},"For example, you might try some Raised Bed Gardening. This technique involves creating planting areas elevated above the ground level. These beds are typically enclosed within frames made of various materials such as wood, stone, or concrete blocks.",{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":249,"children":250},{},[251],{"type":237,"tag":252,"props":253,"children":257},"img",{"alt":254,"src":255,"title":256},"Graph","image://8c14b181-9f33-4f28-9c71-a6aec965178f","Raised beds. Srl, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":259,"children":260},{},[261],{"type":242,"value":262},"The soil in raised beds is usually enriched with compost and is higher than the surrounding soil level. This elevated position offers several advantages. For one, it allows for better drainage, preventing waterlogged soil and reducing the risk of root diseases. Additionally, because the soil is not compacted by foot traffic, it tends to be looser and more aerated, which is beneficial for plant roots.",{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":264,"children":265},{},[266],{"type":242,"value":267},"Raised beds offer a number of other benefits. They can improve soil quality, as the contained area makes it easier to manage and amend the soil. The soil is also warmer earlier in the season and stays warmer for longer, extending your growing season.",{"title":231,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":269},[],{"id":59,"data":60,"type":20,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20,"reviews":63,"parsed":271},{"data":272,"body":274,"toc":290},{"title":231,"description":273},"No Dig Gardening is a unique method that involves layering organic materials on the surface of the soil. This creates a nutrient-rich environment for plants to thrive in. The technique, which was popularized by English horticulturist and author Charles Dowding, involves adding layers of compost, manure, and other organic materials to the soil surface.",{"type":234,"children":275},[276,280,285],{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":277,"children":278},{},[279],{"type":242,"value":273},{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":281,"children":282},{},[283],{"type":242,"value":284},"The technique can significantly improve soil structure and biodiversity, leading to healthier and more productive plants. By adding organic matter to the soil, you're not only providing nutrients for your plants but also creating a habitat for beneficial insects and microorganisms.",{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":286,"children":287},{},[288],{"type":242,"value":289},"One of the main advantages of No Dig Gardening is that it reduces the need for heavy digging and tilling. This makes it a less labor-intensive method of gardening. Moreover, by avoiding digging, you're also preserving the soil structure and preventing the disruption of beneficial soil organisms.",{"title":231,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":291},[],{"id":87,"data":88,"type":20,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20,"reviews":91,"parsed":293},{"data":294,"body":296,"toc":325},{"title":231,"description":295},"Hugelkultur is a unique gardening technique that involves creating raised beds filled with organic materials like logs, branches, leaves, and compost.",{"type":234,"children":297},[298,302,310,315,320],{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":299,"children":300},{},[301],{"type":242,"value":295},{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":303,"children":304},{},[305],{"type":237,"tag":252,"props":306,"children":309},{"alt":254,"src":307,"title":308},"image://3d19a171-eb77-4384-a762-ba967e6c1c1f","Hugelkultur. Daderot, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":311,"children":312},{},[313],{"type":242,"value":314},"This method, popularized by farmer, author, and international consultant for natural agriculture Sepp Holzer, is a form of composting in place, where the decomposing wood provides a long-term source of nutrients for plants. Choose a sunny spot for your hugelkultur bed. The location should receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day.",{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":316,"children":317},{},[318],{"type":242,"value":319},"The benefits of Hugelkultur are numerous. The rotting wood improves soil fertility by slowly releasing nutrients into the soil. It also aids in water retention, reducing the need for frequent watering. Additionally, as the wood decomposes, it generates heat, which can extend the growing season in cooler climates.",{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":321,"children":322},{},[323],{"type":242,"value":324},"Hugelkultur beds are not only productive but also sustainable. They can last for years, even decades, with minimal maintenance. This makes Hugelkultur a long-term gardening solution that's ideal for those seeking a low-maintenance, sustainable gardening method.",{"title":231,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":326},[],{"id":113,"data":114,"type":20,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20,"reviews":117,"parsed":328},{"data":329,"body":331,"toc":355},{"title":231,"description":330},"Vertical Gardening is a technique that involves growing plants up surfaces or structures, rather than out along the ground. This method can be used to grow a variety of plants, including vegetables, herbs, flowers, and even some types of fruit.",{"type":234,"children":332},[333,337,345,350],{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":334,"children":335},{},[336],{"type":242,"value":330},{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":338,"children":339},{},[340],{"type":237,"tag":252,"props":341,"children":344},{"alt":254,"src":342,"title":343},"image://6515ef22-6ab0-4cb1-bca9-163ecc417e64","Vertical gardening. Rameshng, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":346,"children":347},{},[348],{"type":242,"value":349},"Vertical Gardening is particularly useful in urban environments where space is often limited. By growing plants vertically, you can make the most of your available space, turning walls, fences, and even balconies into productive growing areas using trellises, stakes, cages, netting, or other vertical structures. As the plants grow, you can guide them to climb the support structure by gently tying or clipping them in place.",{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":351,"children":352},{},[353],{"type":242,"value":354},"In addition to saving space, Vertical Gardening can increase yield per square foot and make gardening accessible for those with limited mobility. It also allows for better air circulation around the plants, which can help prevent disease.",{"title":231,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":356},[],{"id":146,"data":147,"type":25,"version":20,"maxContentLevel":19,"summaryPage":149,"introPage":156,"pages":358},[359,394,429],{"id":164,"data":165,"type":20,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20,"reviews":168,"parsed":360},{"data":361,"body":363,"toc":392},{"title":231,"description":362},"Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil, instead using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent. This technique allows plants to receive the exact nutrients they need, delivered directly to their roots.",{"type":234,"children":364},[365,369,377,382,387],{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":366,"children":367},{},[368],{"type":242,"value":362},{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":370,"children":371},{},[372],{"type":237,"tag":252,"props":373,"children":376},{"alt":254,"src":374,"title":375},"image://465cccd1-16a7-423f-a055-6f692afa9655","Hydroponics. Image via Pexels",[],{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":378,"children":379},{},[380],{"type":242,"value":381},"Hydroponics offers several advantages over traditional soil-based gardening. It allows for precise control over the nutrients a plant receives, which can result in higher yields and faster growth. It also uses less water than traditional gardening, as the water in the system can be recirculated.",{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":383,"children":384},{},[385],{"type":242,"value":386},"There are different types of hydroponic systems, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. In a Deep Water Culture System plants are suspended in a nutrient solution with their roots submerged. Air stones provide oxygen to the roots.",{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":388,"children":389},{},[390],{"type":242,"value":391},"In a Nutrient Film System, a shallow, sloping channel delivers a thin film of nutrient solution to the plant roots. Excess solution is recirculated. In an Ebb-and-Flow System, the growing tray is periodically flooded with nutrient solution, then drained to allow for oxygen intake.",{"title":231,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":393},[],{"id":181,"data":182,"type":20,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20,"reviews":185,"parsed":395},{"data":396,"body":398,"toc":427},{"title":231,"description":397},"Aquaponics is a system that combines conventional aquaculture, which involves raising aquatic animals such as snails, fish, crayfish or prawns in tanks, with hydroponics, which involves cultivating plants in water.",{"type":234,"children":399},[400,404,412,417,422],{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":401,"children":402},{},[403],{"type":242,"value":397},{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":405,"children":406},{},[407],{"type":237,"tag":252,"props":408,"children":411},{"alt":254,"src":409,"title":410},"image://0577e245-44ad-4b95-b2cf-c41497b7a6af","Aquaponics. Ryan Somma, CC BY-SA 2.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0> via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":413,"children":414},{},[415],{"type":242,"value":416},"In an Aquaponics system, the waste produced by the aquatic animals serves a crucial role. This waste, which would otherwise need to be removed to prevent the water from becoming toxic to the animals, is broken down by bacteria into nutrients that the plants can absorb. This process not only cleans the water for the animals but also provides a natural, organic source of fertilizer for the plants.",{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":418,"children":419},{},[420],{"type":242,"value":421},"Aquaponics systems are complex and require careful management to maintain the balance between the aquatic animals and the plants. They consist of numerous components that work together in a closed loop system, including the fish tank, a solid waste removal system, a biofilter, and the hydroponic component where the plants are grown.",{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":423,"children":424},{},[425],{"type":242,"value":426},"Despite the complexity, a well-managed aquaponics system can be a highly productive and sustainable method of food production.",{"title":231,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":428},[],{"id":194,"data":195,"type":20,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":20,"reviews":198,"parsed":430},{"data":431,"body":433,"toc":457},{"title":231,"description":432},"For indoor gardeners, Bonsai is a traditional Japanese art form that involves cultivating and shaping miniature trees or shrubs in containers to mimic the appearance of full-sized, mature trees in nature. The word \"Bonsai\" itself means \"planted in a container\" in Japanese.",{"type":234,"children":434},[435,439,447,452],{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":436,"children":437},{},[438],{"type":242,"value":432},{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":440,"children":441},{},[442],{"type":237,"tag":252,"props":443,"children":446},{"alt":254,"src":444,"title":445},"image://b4739349-06b3-4f22-b86a-c2fe136e518f","Bonsai tree. Puzzly, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":448,"children":449},{},[450],{"type":242,"value":451},"Bonsai artists carefully select suitable tree species for their miniature landscapes. Common choices include pine, maple, juniper, and ficus, among others. Bonsai trees are meticulously pruned and shaped to achieve a balanced and natural appearance. Techniques include pinching and trimming to control the growth of branches, leaves, and roots. Wiring is often used to bend branches and create the desired structure.",{"type":237,"tag":238,"props":453,"children":454},{},[455],{"type":242,"value":456},"Bonsai is not limited to Japan, and has enthusiasts and practitioners worldwide. Bonsai exhibitions, clubs, and societies exist in many countries, allowing people to share their passion for this captivating art form.",{"title":231,"searchDepth":25,"depth":25,"links":458},[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":460,"height":460,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":461},24,"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"m9 18l6-6l-6-6\"/>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":460,"height":460,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":463},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M4 5h16M4 12h16M4 19h16\"/>",1778179284195]