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need?",3,[37,187],{"id":38,"data":39,"type":25,"version":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":41,"introPage":48,"pages":55},"b14828d6-8c5e-44c2-ba7a-c7248d277e66",{"type":25,"title":40},"Gardening basics",{"id":42,"data":43,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"8dd4542e-3f23-45d5-a9df-1b632d98beb4",{"type":35,"summary":44},[45,46,47],"Sunlight is crucial for plant growth and varies based on time of year and location","Water is essential for plants but overwatering can be harmful","Soil type impacts plant growth and should also be considered when gardening",{"id":49,"data":50,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"71d7c85a-b2dc-42a3-9be9-e973310a8426",{"type":51,"intro":52},10,[53,54],"When did humans first cultivate gardens?","What three conditions are essential for growing plants?",[56,94,118,145],{"id":57,"data":58,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":61},"a7e7dfd9-2e30-429b-8d32-46db6061f907",{"type":24,"markdownContent":59,"audioMediaId":60},"Human beings have cultivated gardens since the dawn of civilization. Just consider the Funerary Chapel of Sennefer, an ancient tomb on the bank of the Nile, which dates all the way back to the 15th century BCE.\n\nSennefer was an important Egyptian noble. When he passed away, gardens were painted on the walls of his tomb. They offer a glimpse into the gardening practices of Ancient Egypt, including their sophisticated understanding of plant cultivation and garden design, with neatly ordered palm trees, lotus flowers and pools.\n\n![Graph](image://ab840066-2c99-4a10-b952-72b73f4db34f \"Tomb of Sennefer. Morio60, CC BY-SA 2.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThousands of years later, gardens are still as popular as ever. And this pathway will teach you how to build a garden of your own. Whether you have acres of space, or just a humble window sill, there's a gardening option for you.","bc8ac2b1-da36-4cb8-88b4-3011789fe14f",[62,74],{"id":63,"data":64,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"c2d27269-1b39-4516-8332-407265cfddd9",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":66,"multiChoiceCorrect":68,"multiChoiceIncorrect":70,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},11,[67],"Which of these best describes the gardens on the walls of the Funerary Chapel of Sennefer?",[69],"Palm trees, lotus flowers and pools",[71,72,73],"Pine trees, wild flowers and rockeries","Pine trees, dandelions and streams","Palm trees, lawns and bird boxes",{"id":75,"data":76,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"3c8625b4-c11a-43ce-a78a-81f3bd31e381",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"collapsingSiblings":77,"multiChoiceQuestion":81,"multiChoiceCorrect":83,"multiChoiceIncorrect":85,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":89,"matchPairsPairs":91},[78,79,80],"87871b26-1dd5-44f4-972e-55e66681b45b","7aae6fec-bbb8-4031-bbba-317377eb953f","6823c4c6-d672-4358-a2fb-189a213ed732",[82],"Who had their tomb adorned with paintings of gardens?",[84],"Sennefer",[86,87,88],"Rachel Carson","André Le Nôtre","Capability Brown",[90],"Match the pairs below:",[92],{"left":84,"right":93,"direction":35},"Had gardens painted in his tomb",{"id":95,"data":96,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":99},"d8d0b392-982a-45c8-800e-a9cf2d6691b2",{"type":24,"markdownContent":97,"audioMediaId":98},"There are a few requirements that every garden needs. One of these is sunlight. Without it, plants can't photosynthesise effectively, leading to stunted growth or death.\n\n![Graph](image://bf95cd7e-84f4-42b6-801b-f77e091848d7 \"Plants growing in sunlight. CC0, Public Domain \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/public-domain/cc0/> via Pxhere\")\n\nThe angle and intensity of sunlight can significantly affect plant growth. These factors are determined by the time of year and latitude. For instance, during summer, the sun is at a higher angle, resulting in more intense sunlight. Understanding these changes can help you adjust your gardening practices accordingly, like covering plants during the hottest part of the day or adjusting your watering schedule.\n\nNot all plants require the same amount of sunlight. Shade-tolerant plants, such as ferns and hostas, can thrive in areas of the garden that receive less sunlight. On the other hand, vegetables generally need 6-8 hours of sunlight per day to grow well.","7379bdcd-f8a3-46bc-a60d-82687c636f71",[100,111],{"id":101,"data":102,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"fa419674-02a5-4289-a885-0b0e81fe487e",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":103,"multiChoiceCorrect":105,"multiChoiceIncorrect":107,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[104],"How much sunlight do plants need?",[106],"It depends on the species",[108,109,110],"8-10 hours per day","6-8 hours per day","4-6 hours per day",{"id":112,"data":113,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"63a0d3e9-70ad-4783-b8d4-df3725d8aaa0",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":114,"binaryCorrect":116,"binaryIncorrect":117},[115],"How much sunlight do vegetables generally need in order to grow?",[109],[110],{"id":119,"data":120,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":123},"04bb6e45-4bf4-451c-bb0a-0ff4e3ac8348",{"type":24,"markdownContent":121,"audioMediaId":122},"Water plays a crucial role in various plant processes. It's essential for nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, transpiration (water vapor loss), seed germination (growth of a seed into a young plant), and root growth. Without water, a plant will die.\n\nHaving said that, overwatering can also be detrimental to plants. It can lead to root rot, a condition where the plant's roots become waterlogged and start to decay. This can be fatal to plants, so it's important to water your plants just enough to meet their needs without drowning them.\n\nThe amount of water a plant needs can vary significantly depending on the plant species and the local climate. Some plants, such as cacti and succulents, can survive with minimal watering, while others, like ferns and certain flowers, need regular watering to thrive.\n\n![Graph](image://62ee83e4-af7b-4055-b1d0-8ed31a74d6f5 \"Cacti and succulents. Photo by beyzahzah from Pexels: https://www.pexels.com/photo/potted-cacti-and-succulents-on-display-15239212/\")","d770ed7c-570d-4b5a-9cb2-1fbe4989f626",[124,135],{"id":125,"data":126,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"e5b1d858-7ef4-476e-9f29-9d9d1efb4e77",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":127,"multiChoiceCorrect":129,"multiChoiceIncorrect":131,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[128],"Which of these is not a reason why plants needs water?",[130],"Respiration",[132,133,134],"Photosynthesis","Transpiration","Seed germination",{"id":136,"data":137,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"6a71d0bd-9a0f-42da-906e-16a0befcb005",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":138,"multiChoiceCorrect":140,"multiChoiceIncorrect":141,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[139],"How often should you water a plant?",[106],[142,143,144],"Once per day","Once per week","Twice per week",{"id":146,"data":147,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":35,"reviews":150},"264efdaa-d56c-4b34-a51a-f7e65657cd73",{"type":24,"markdownContent":148,"audioMediaId":149},"Along with sunlight and water, soil is also important to plants. They use it as a source of nutrients, while it also helps them to stand upright.\n\nSoil can be classified into three main types: clay, loam, and sandy. The best way to determine what soil is in your garden is to get your hands dirty. Add a few drops of water and squeeze the soil in your hand. Loamy soil will remain in the shape of a ball but will crumble when you poke it. Clay soil will hold together in a solid ball, while sandy soil will struggle to hold its form.\n\n![Graph](image://002658ef-89e9-4928-9d6c-68d341754476 \"Testing soil samples. USDA NRCS Texas, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nIt's important to know what type of soil you're working with, because different species of plant will do better or worse in each type.","2ea672fc-dbe1-47ba-bfa9-447bfb29a2fe",[151,170,177],{"id":152,"data":153,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"26dbf6a8-116a-42d8-96a1-7a0fc0abc46c",{"type":65,"reviewType":154,"spacingBehaviour":24,"matchPairsQuestion":155,"matchPairsPairs":157,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},6,[156],"You take some soil in your hand, add some water, then give it a squeeze. How does each type of soil behave?",[158,161,164,167],{"left":159,"right":160,"direction":35},"Loamy","Hold the shape of a ball, but crumble when you poke it",{"left":162,"right":163,"direction":35},"Clay","Hold the shape of a ball, even when you poke it",{"left":165,"right":166,"direction":35},"Sandy","Struggle to hold the shape of a ball",{"left":168,"right":169,"direction":35},"Dusty","Not one of the three main types of soil",{"id":171,"data":172,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"1c1f7b11-3d78-489d-bc42-8a29e78f7e69",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":173,"activeRecallAnswers":175},[174],"What condition can occur in plants due to overwatering, leading to decay of the roots?",[176],"Root rot",{"id":178,"data":179,"type":65,"version":25,"maxContentLevel":35},"ba9536ab-b9da-4687-8757-9b271d244054",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":180,"binaryCorrect":182,"binaryIncorrect":184,"multiChoiceIncorrect":186},[181],"During summer, the sun is at a higher angle. Would your plants need more or less sunlight?",[183],"Less – the sunlight is more intense",[185],"More – the sunlight is less intense",[185],{"id":188,"data":189,"type":25,"version":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":191,"introPage":199,"pages":205},"e8e80e9e-4126-45a0-98a1-e55958b06da4",{"type":25,"title":190},"The right garden for you",{"id":192,"data":193,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"c1078802-b7a8-4f06-8ff5-70cd281c94ae",{"type":35,"summary":194},[195,196,197,198],"Flower gardens are great for adding color and fragrance to your space","Vegetable gardens can provide you with fresh produce","Potagers combine aesthetics with functionality for a beautiful and practical garden","Pollinator gardens attract beneficial wildlife and support healthy ecosystems",{"id":200,"data":201,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"28f7456b-90e2-4ae6-b78d-932233753b2b",{"type":51,"intro":202},[203,204],"What are the main types of garden?","What type of garden would be best for you?",[206,238,262,296,318,331],{"id":207,"data":208,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":211},"4a0ab9df-7289-4e36-bfab-aaf7da212f7d",{"type":24,"markdownContent":209,"audioMediaId":210},"It's time to ask yourself a question: why do you want a garden? Whatever your primary motivation, it will change the type of garden you should try to grow.\n\nFor example, you might want it for aesthetic reasons. If that's the case, you could grow a flower garden: that's a garden full of fragrant, flowering plants.\n\nThe Keukenhof in the Netherlands, also known as the Garden of Europe, is one of the world's largest flower gardens. This remarkable garden showcases a vast array of flowering plants, offering visitors a breathtaking display of colors and fragrances. Every year, over 7 million flower bulbs are planted across the gardens 32 acres.\n\n![Graph](image://cd1f5aa9-7c79-47af-981b-101443ec6b43 \"The Keukenhof. Elena.laps, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nYou won't be able match the Keukenhof's scale — but smaller flower gardens can be pretty spectacular too.","83988c0d-66c9-4d3d-be89-395a9a0bc348",[212,219],{"id":213,"data":214,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"22c37901-e0e4-41c9-b748-156e1a95686b",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":215,"clozeWords":217},[216],"The Keukenhof, also known as the Garden of Europe, is one of the world's largest flower gardens.",[218],"Keukenhof",{"id":220,"data":221,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"c8d59060-2277-4a03-9fe9-5babc3e67ad6",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"collapsingSiblings":222,"multiChoiceQuestion":226,"multiChoiceCorrect":228,"multiChoiceIncorrect":230,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":234,"matchPairsPairs":235},[223,224,225],"b9d8547c-d78b-4a69-82cc-3d31dbefac28","6726162a-12d5-430f-92b0-16980d35bf43","b247acf5-89e0-400c-bd8a-9d9d52fb7d9f",[227],"How many flower bulbs are planted annually at Keukenhof?",[229],"7 million",[231,232,233],"Hundreds","700","40",[90],[236],{"left":237,"right":229,"direction":35},"Bulbs planted annually at Keukenhof",{"id":239,"data":240,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":243},"5eec067a-85db-477c-a4a0-87c4e0cfce25",{"type":24,"markdownContent":241,"audioMediaId":242},"Maybe you want a garden for practical reasons. Maybe you want a source of food. If that's the case, you might choose to grow a vegetable garden.\n\n![Graph](image://b6ea513f-4b98-485e-924d-51e7d1cfd38c \"Vegetable garden. Local Food Initiative, CC BY 2.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/> via Flickr\")\n\nAn interesting type of vegetable garden uses the Three Sisters method, a technique pioneered by Native American tribes. This method involves growing corn, beans, and squash together in a vegetable garden. These three plants benefit each other, with the corn providing a structure for the beans to climb, the beans fixing nitrogen in the soil, and the squash acting as a ground cover to suppress weeds.\n\nAlternatively, you might want a herb garden. These can range from small containers on a windowsill to dedicated plots in the yard. They offer the convenience of having fresh herbs available for cooking.","b0d1da96-114c-4aed-bc7f-235dc9843cee",[244],{"id":245,"data":246,"type":65,"version":25,"maxContentLevel":35},"fde55faa-0f33-47c2-bc93-cae36636b92d",{"type":65,"reviewType":154,"spacingBehaviour":24,"matchPairsQuestion":247,"matchPairsPairs":249,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},[248],"What's the purpose of each crop in the Three Sisters method? ",[250,253,256,259],{"left":251,"right":252,"direction":35},"Corn","Climbing structure",{"left":254,"right":255,"direction":35},"Beans","Fixes nitrogen in the soil",{"left":257,"right":258,"direction":35},"Squash","Ground cover to suppress weeds",{"left":260,"right":261,"direction":35},"Wheat","Not one of the Three Sisters",{"id":263,"data":264,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":267},"ec9f77e8-dd1a-4c71-8706-7577ffda8c5d",{"type":24,"markdownContent":265,"audioMediaId":266},"Maybe you want the practical elements of a vegetable garden — but you want it to look nice too.\n\nA potager is a type of ornamental kitchen garden that combines the aesthetics of a traditional garden with the functionality of a productive vegetable garden. Potagers are often designed in a geometric or symmetrical layout, with pathways, borders, and raised beds that create a sense of order and structure. Vertical gardening is often incorporated into potagers, with climbing plants like beans, peas, and cucumbers trained on trellises or supports.\n\nThe Potager du Roi, part of the Versailles Palace in France, a UNESCO world heritage site, is a historic example of a potager, or kitchen garden. This garden serves as a testament to the enduring appeal and functionality of potagers.\n\n![Graph](image://3db499c9-8263-4b72-aec2-9bca09b4a915 \"Potager du Roi. Paris Histoire, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en> via wikimedia\")","7caede90-5716-41ae-8e3d-d9024df2e9f0",[268,277],{"id":269,"data":270,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"1194250c-268d-4817-8e15-2a45ab706a1b",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":271,"binaryCorrect":273,"binaryIncorrect":275},[272],"Are potager gardens traditionally symmetrical or asymmetrical?",[274],"Symmetrical",[276],"Asymmetrical",{"id":278,"data":279,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"cdce7dba-a31a-4b3f-af05-8c48442c3b27",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"collapsingSiblings":280,"multiChoiceQuestion":284,"multiChoiceCorrect":286,"multiChoiceIncorrect":288,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":292,"matchPairsPairs":293},[281,282,283],"ff14343d-0e8b-4356-8be5-d1e198a3b9a5","d214cd75-1fbf-48f5-bbd8-3cf6db706f73","93aab1ba-28a3-41aa-85c3-1b19e2927c1e",[285],"Where would you find the Potager du Roi?",[287],"Versailles",[289,290,291],"Netherlands","Kyoto","London",[90],[294],{"left":287,"right":295,"direction":35},"Potager du Roi",{"id":297,"data":298,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":301},"6728424e-2b59-4df8-aa0b-d11f024d0ef4",{"type":24,"markdownContent":299,"audioMediaId":300},"Maybe you want to grow a garden for the benefit of local wildlife.\n\nA pollinator garden is a garden designed to support pollinating species, such as bees, butterflies and moths. These pollinators contribute to genetic diversity and healthy ecosystems by facilitating plant reproduction and seed dispersal. Pollinator gardens typically contain native plants, a diversity of flowers with continuous bloom.\n\n![Graph](image://137c8a00-e9c5-49af-b02f-045a49fb8004 \"Pollinator Garden. DC Gardens, CC BY 2.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nTo attract larger animals, like birds or mice, you can add habitats to your garden, such as birdhouses or log piles. Avoiding pesticides and creating a source of water can also make your garden more wildlife-friendly. Pesticides can harm beneficial insects and other wildlife, while a source of water, such as a birdbath or pond, can attract a range of species.","e07de4ba-8999-4983-a1c8-d376df6200dd",[302,311],{"id":303,"data":304,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"a8240248-fce7-4687-9c9e-38e359b43fa1",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":305,"binaryCorrect":307,"binaryIncorrect":309},[306],"Do pollinator gardens typically use native or exotic plants?",[308],"Native",[310],"Exotic",{"id":312,"data":313,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"9c34ae31-cf40-496d-acb4-92749e5db7ae",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":314,"clozeWords":316},[315],"To attract larger animals, like birds or mice, you can add habitats to your garden, such as log piles.",[317],"log piles",{"id":319,"data":320,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":35,"reviews":323},"63cd953a-04b3-41f5-8d36-8ec2c9966309",{"type":24,"markdownContent":321,"audioMediaId":322},"Maybe you want a flexible garden that you can easily move around.\n\nContainer gardening is a versatile gardening method that involves growing plants in containers, pots, or other vessels instead of planting them directly in the ground. This method allows for greater flexibility and control over the growing conditions, making it suitable for a wide range of plants and environments. It's an excellent option for people with limited outdoor space, such as balconies, patios, decks, or windowsills.\n\nThe Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, may have been an early form of container gardening. This legendary garden is said to have featured a variety of plants grown in tiered terraces, possibly in containers or similar structures.\n\n![Graph](image://4976c371-31e9-4519-b357-91a78d7ce224 \"Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Image: Public domain\")","9d06735c-a722-4c9c-b65d-e0d3ef070e6b",[324],{"id":325,"data":326,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"81f77051-2b4f-47cb-8e8f-1d83dc66ff9a",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":327,"activeRecallAnswers":329},[328],"Which method of gardening involves growing plants in pots instead of growing them in the ground?",[330],"Container gardening",{"id":332,"data":333,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":336},"313ded9f-a4b6-4b4d-9586-f555c25d6a58",{"type":24,"markdownContent":334,"audioMediaId":335},"Maybe you don't have grand ambitions for your garden. You just want something small.\n\nIndoor gardening, also known as indoor horticulture or houseplant cultivation, involves growing plants inside. This form of gardening allows people to enjoy the benefits of plants, such as improved air quality and increased humidity, even in urban environments with limited outdoor space.\n\n![Graph](image://d615ee79-c764-45b7-a16f-dada694fec24 \" \")\n\nIndoor gardening is versatile, with a variety of systems making growing plants easily achievable. Soil-based systems are affordable and require growing containers. Hydroponic systems allow plants to be grown in water, not soil. They are space efficient but more expensive than soil-based systems. Glass terrariums and living walls are also popular indoor gardening options.","4c2de2ca-632b-4425-a366-45f5c555bad2",[337,346,364,381],{"id":338,"data":339,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"683ead01-16d4-498b-bb68-39d2b6bd5dba",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":340,"binaryCorrect":342,"binaryIncorrect":344},[341],"Which of these indoor gardening options is more affordable?",[343],"Soil-based systems",[345],"Hydroponic systems",{"id":347,"data":348,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"a301044b-8b22-49e5-8c69-28e4f3427fd4",{"type":65,"reviewType":154,"spacingBehaviour":24,"matchPairsQuestion":349,"matchPairsPairs":351,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},[350],"Match the type of garden to the reason you might choose to grow it.",[352,355,358,361],{"left":353,"right":354,"direction":35},"Flower garden","Aesthetics",{"left":356,"right":357,"direction":35},"Vegetable garden","Source of food",{"left":359,"right":360,"direction":35},"Herb garden","Source of flavoring",{"left":362,"right":363,"direction":35},"Potager garden","Aesthetics & food",{"id":365,"data":366,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"24e5a6a2-ed03-45e9-a29a-537f6ab2e1ea",{"type":65,"reviewType":154,"spacingBehaviour":24,"matchPairsQuestion":367,"matchPairsPairs":368,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},[350],[369,372,375,378],{"left":370,"right":371,"direction":35},"Pollinator garden","Attracting wildlife",{"left":373,"right":374,"direction":35},"Container garden","Flexibility",{"left":376,"right":377,"direction":35},"Indoor garden","Small and easy",{"left":379,"right":380,"direction":35},"Hydroponic garden","Space efficiency",{"id":281,"data":382,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"collapsingSiblings":383,"multiChoiceQuestion":384,"multiChoiceCorrect":386,"multiChoiceIncorrect":387,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":388,"matchPairsPairs":389},[278,282,283],[385],"Where would you find the Keukenhof?",[289],[287,290,291],[90],[390],{"left":289,"right":218,"direction":35},{"id":392,"data":393,"type":27,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"orbs":396},"195b42fb-b30e-411a-baee-836de7c9ab91",{"type":27,"title":394,"tagline":395},"Plant Care","How do you look after plants?",[397,520,700],{"id":398,"data":399,"type":25,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":401,"introPage":409,"pages":415},"484e763a-5092-468e-9627-ec946cd813d1",{"type":25,"title":400},"Planting basics",{"id":402,"data":403,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"50f2d474-0d5c-44d6-8121-4f0e317da01b",{"type":35,"summary":404},[405,406,407,408],"Start your garden with seedlings for quicker results","Choose native plants for easier maintenance","Plant with enough space for healthy growth","Water plants in the morning for optimal absorption",{"id":410,"data":411,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"80a391ea-f5af-4224-8a72-02315bdd94a3",{"type":51,"intro":412},[413,414],"What are the golden rules of planting?","Why is soil pH crucial for plant growth?",[416,439,456,484],{"id":417,"data":418,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":421},"55544d62-7c88-4902-bfcf-d250d493e209",{"type":24,"markdownContent":419,"audioMediaId":420},"Whatever type of garden you want, they'll always have one thing in common: you'll need to get yourself some plants.\n\n![Graph](image://757399bc-2d0c-4410-8d39-d7b77c6a2c2e \"Growing a plant. Image via Freepik\")\n\nRemember, you don't need to start a garden by growing all your plants from scratch. Instead of buying seeds, you can buy some seedlings: these young plants, or starts, are less risky than seeds, as they have already passed the delicate germination stage. They're more expensive than seeds, but if you can afford to buy them, they're a great choice for beginners who want to see immediate results.\n\nNative plants — those are species that have evolved in your local region — are often a good choice, as they are already adapted to the local climate and soil conditions. These plants are more likely to thrive and require less maintenance than non-native species, making them ideal for beginner gardeners or those looking for low-maintenance garden options.","3acef557-c23f-46bb-a6b6-39beb3366c8b",[422,433],{"id":423,"data":424,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"0151453d-e74c-45c9-9171-5ec4b108e7a6",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":425,"multiChoiceCorrect":427,"multiChoiceIncorrect":429,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[426],"Would a beginner gardener be better off buying seedlings or seeds?",[428],"Seedlings – because they're less delicate",[430,431,432],"Seedlings – because they're less expensive","Seeds – because they're faster to grow","Seeds – because they need less water",{"id":434,"data":435,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"56de3b10-3ca2-441b-951a-bfffa7cf0226",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":436,"clozeWords":438},[437],"Native plants are often a good choice for beginner gardeners because they're already adapted to the local climate and soil conditions.",[308],{"id":440,"data":441,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":444},"55f2e468-29f8-4991-97c1-e84020669308",{"type":24,"markdownContent":442,"audioMediaId":443},"Whatever plants you get, there are some important principles to bear in mind while planting them in your garden.\n\nIn general, it's important to plant each plant with enough space to grow. When plants are too close together, they can create a humid environment that is ideal for the spread of certain diseases. Additionally, overcrowded plants may compete with each other for resources, leading to weaker, less productive plants.\n\n![Graph](image://57974c44-68f0-4db5-8159-4ab6a1e7d916 \"Spacing your plants. Image via Pexels\")\n\nIt's also important to consider the mature size of the plant and its growth habits. Taller plants should be planted where they won't cast shade on shorter plants that need direct sunlight. If plants aren't getting enough sunlight, you might notice that the leaves are smaller than usual, and there are signs of lopsided growth.","6da8ec06-3e3d-4b1f-87c4-647bad343cbb",[445],{"id":446,"data":447,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"097805d5-645d-446a-bde2-bcb1d989cf5c",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":448,"multiChoiceCorrect":450,"multiChoiceIncorrect":452,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[449],"When you're growing plants, how should you usually plant them? ",[451],"Spaced apart – to stop them competing",[453,454,455],"Grouped together – to create a humid environment","Grouped together – to provide structural support","Spaced apart – to protect from large animals",{"id":457,"data":458,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":461},"0096067f-e77c-4467-aa31-f4df58d06656",{"type":24,"markdownContent":459,"audioMediaId":460},"Once your plants are in the ground, you'll need to provide them with water.\n\n![Graph](image://e09cd964-9af8-40be-9416-03b937e77cec \"Watering plants. Image by cookie_studio on Freepik\")\n\nThe best time to water plants is in the morning. This allows the plants to absorb the moisture before the heat of the day increases evaporation. It also helps to prevent the growth of mold and other fungi that thrive in damp conditions.\n\nWhen watering, aim for the base of the plant, targeting the root zone. This ensures that the water goes where it's most needed and avoids wetting the foliage, which can encourage the growth of fungal diseases.\n\nDeep watering encourages plants to develop deep root systems. This helps them access water even during dry spells, and makes them more resilient to drought. To water deeply, apply water slowly and allow it to soak into the soil, reaching the deeper root zones.","7d0b7115-2baf-4eed-8492-f478e0577e9a",[462,473],{"id":463,"data":464,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"b9026c0a-4f2c-4c4a-ad2a-edf974ec611e",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":465,"multiChoiceCorrect":467,"multiChoiceIncorrect":469,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[466],"The best time to water plants is:",[468],"Morning",[470,471,472],"Afternoon","Evening","Night",{"id":474,"data":475,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"99e3642a-ff37-44f0-affc-035540bd0791",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":476,"multiChoiceCorrect":478,"multiChoiceIncorrect":480,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[477],"When watering, which part of the plant should you aim for?",[479],"Base of the plant",[481,482,483],"Top of the plant","Central stem","Outer leaves",{"id":485,"data":486,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":489},"7cba16f1-5660-41ff-9e12-06476e8c72bc",{"type":24,"markdownContent":487,"audioMediaId":488},"Providing the right amount of water is crucial. Too little water can lead to wilting and, in severe cases, plant death. Signs of underwatering include drooping leaves, dry soil, and slow growth. On the other hand, overwatering can lead to root rot, mold, and other problems. Plants may show signs of stress like yellowing leaves or wilting.\n\nThe use of a moisture meter can help gardeners avoid over or under watering. This tool measures the moisture level in the soil, helping you to understand when it's time to water. You can also check the moisture level of the soil before watering by sticking your finger about an inch into the soil. If it feels dry, it's time to water.\n\nAdjust your watering schedule as the seasons change. Plants need less water during cooler months — although, newly planted seeds and seedlings require consistent moisture to establish themselves.\n\n![Graph](image://e0f19f85-92ca-4589-8a1a-b3a9376574aa \"Watering on a larger scale. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Public domain, PDM 1.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/> via Flickr\")","da9e32d5-1623-4ae1-8d72-d87381305e75",[490,499,506,513],{"id":491,"data":492,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"91c234c1-6b1b-4430-85ad-1ea3a4f80cd8",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":493,"binaryCorrect":495,"binaryIncorrect":497},[494],"Most plants need less water during cooler months. But what do newly planted seeds and seedlings need?",[496],"Consistent watering",[498],"More water in cooler months",{"id":500,"data":501,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"dd2e7d9b-7937-4893-a45c-86440aa82d4a",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":502,"activeRecallAnswers":504},[503],"You stick your finger into an inch of soil. If comes out dry. What does that mean?",[505],"It's time to water your plants",{"id":507,"data":508,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"c0ab6625-7bdf-4325-b7d9-f32ba37bcf28",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":509,"clozeWords":511},[510],"Taller plants should be planted where they won't cast shade on shorter plants.",[512],"cast shade",{"id":514,"data":515,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"103a39b7-0333-410f-a30c-1c2694f51698",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":516,"activeRecallAnswers":518},[517],"What do you call the process of applying water slowly to allow it to reach the deeper root zones of plants?",[519],"Deep watering",{"id":521,"data":522,"type":25,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":524,"introPage":532,"pages":538},"62393727-708a-4950-bc83-8a1c4c399561",{"type":25,"title":523},"Keeping plants healthy",{"id":525,"data":526,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"f9a661e7-fdf7-457b-a0f3-1d1ee8b48a66",{"type":35,"summary":527},[528,529,530,531],"Fertilizer provides essential nutrients for plants to thrive","Organic and inorganic fertilizers have different benefits","Nutrient deficiencies can impact plant health","Mulching helps protect soil and improve plant growth",{"id":533,"data":534,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"8a42d614-3927-4a81-9b5b-0d99adc5f666",{"type":51,"intro":535},[536,537],"What's the secret to watering plants just right?","How does sunlight affect a plant's health?",[539,572,603,627,649],{"id":540,"data":541,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":544},"a04bdd6f-33c0-4d52-b902-31774b7c9517",{"type":24,"markdownContent":542,"audioMediaId":543},"Fertilizer provides essential nutrients that plants need to thrive. These nutrients are not always available in the soil in the right quantities, especially in urban or suburban gardens where the soil has been disturbed or depleted.\n\n ![Graph](image://0d8e2f6e-51a0-436d-afbc-c8eee4c528b4 \"Adding fertilizer. Public domain, CCO \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/public-domain/cc0/> via Rawpixel\")\n\nNitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, often referred to as N-P-K, are the primary nutrients in most fertilizers (K is the chemical symbol for potassium). Each of these nutrients plays a key role in plant health. Nitrogen promotes leafy green growth, phosphorus supports root development and flowering, and potassium aids in overall plant health and disease resistance. A balanced fertilizer will contain all three of these nutrients in the right proportions.\n\nOrganic fertilizers are derived from natural sources like compost, manure, bone meal, and fish emulsion. They release nutrients slowly as they break down. Inorganic fertilizers are manufactured chemically and provide nutrients in specific ratios. They release nutrients quickly and can be tailored to a plant's exact needs.\n","0c6a94a9-d0e8-472a-aa90-73a9805faf62",[545,554,565],{"id":546,"data":547,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"ca324247-8e42-4138-bb35-52e7aa05f73b",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":548,"activeRecallAnswers":550},[549],"Often referred to as N-P-K, what are the primary nutrients in most fertilizers?",[551,552,553],"Nitrogen","Phosphorus","Potassium",{"id":555,"data":556,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"457cb461-fcef-4279-a1db-78d6a7e643a4",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":557,"multiChoiceCorrect":559,"multiChoiceIncorrect":561,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[558],"Which of these is not an example of an organic fertilizer?",[560],"Urea",[562,563,564],"Bone meal","Fish emulsion","Manure",{"id":566,"data":567,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"e9db74a8-250e-4526-bfc0-42413a0a3e57",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":568,"clozeWords":570},[569],"Organic fertilizers release their nutrients more slowly than inorganic fertilizers.",[571],"slowly",{"id":573,"data":574,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":577},"9bc0aecb-0c6e-4c55-86d6-f117afa45d7f",{"type":24,"markdownContent":575,"audioMediaId":576},"\nFertilizer should be applied during the plant's active growing season. For most plants, this is in spring and early summer.\n\nThere are different methods of applying fertilizer, such as broadcasting, side-dressing, and top-dressing. Broadcasting involves spreading the fertilizer evenly over the soil surface, while side-dressing refers to applying fertilizer to the soil around the base of the plant. Top-dressing involves adding a layer of compost or other organic material to the soil surface.\n\nSlow-release fertilizers and foliar feeds are also options. Slow-release fertilizers release nutrients gradually over time, providing a steady supply of nutrients. Foliar feeds, on the other hand, are sprayed directly onto the leaves of plants, providing a quick nutrient boost.\n","518e274d-7b67-4d7a-b406-c5eb0d6cc19e",[578,585],{"id":579,"data":580,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"cc94a187-73eb-492e-b4b4-424aa8c79849",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":581,"activeRecallAnswers":583},[582],"When should fertilizer be applied?",[584],"During the growing season",{"id":586,"data":587,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"2bdc272e-ba99-4149-92aa-9cd11889aacf",{"type":65,"reviewType":154,"spacingBehaviour":24,"matchPairsQuestion":588,"matchPairsPairs":590,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},[589],"Match these four methods of fertilizing:",[591,594,597,600],{"left":592,"right":593,"direction":35},"Broadcasting","Applying fertilizer to the soil surface",{"left":595,"right":596,"direction":35},"Side-dressing","Applying fertilizer to the base of the plant",{"left":598,"right":599,"direction":35},"Top-dressing","Applying compost to the soil surface",{"left":601,"right":602,"direction":35},"Foliar","Spraying nutrients onto the leaves of the plant",{"id":604,"data":605,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":608},"f583888c-2840-4bf5-992f-9fb318ae6dfb",{"type":24,"markdownContent":606,"audioMediaId":607},"\nWhen a plant is nutrient deficient, it doesn't receive the essential nutrients it requires for proper growth and development.\n\nFor example, a potassium deficiency may cause older leaves to show yellowing or browning along the leaf margins, starting from the tips. Leaves may have a scorched appearance. Understanding these signs of nutrient deficiency can help you to diagnose and correct nutrient imbalances, leading to healthier, more productive plants.\n\nIt's important to note that symptoms of nutrient deficiencies can sometimes be similar to symptoms caused by other factors, such as diseases, pests, or environmental stress. For example, yellowing leaves could be a sign of a nitrogen deficiency, but they could also be caused by overwatering, disease, or insect damage. Therefore, it's important to consider all possible causes when diagnosing plant problems.\n","34317bf6-7ace-45fc-bea4-9a8b8075d324",[609],{"id":610,"data":611,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"298eaf37-b7e6-4f85-b4da-4289e0a04924",{"type":65,"reviewType":154,"spacingBehaviour":24,"matchPairsQuestion":612,"matchPairsPairs":614,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},[613],"What are each set of symptoms a sign of?",[615,618,621,624],{"left":616,"right":617,"direction":35},"Drooping leaves & slow growth","Underwatering",{"left":619,"right":620,"direction":35},"Yellowing leaves & moldy soil","Overwatering",{"left":622,"right":623,"direction":35},"Browning leaves & scorched appearance","Potassium deficiency",{"left":625,"right":626,"direction":35},"Smaller leaves & lopsided growth","Lack of sunlight",{"id":628,"data":629,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":632},"f8492227-fc1a-451b-8596-7118cdc8659b",{"type":24,"markdownContent":630,"audioMediaId":631},"\nMulching involves applying materials to the soil surface around plants. This simple practice can have a significant impact on the health and productivity of your garden. Mulch can protect the soil from erosion, reduce compaction from the impact of heavy rains, and improve soil fertility as it decomposes over time.\n\nYou can choose between organic or inorganic mulch based on plant needs. Organic mulches, like wood chips or straw, will decompose over time and contribute to soil fertility.\n\nInorganic mulches, like gravel or plastic, will not decompose, but can be effective at suppressing weeds and conserving water. The choice of mulch will depend on the specific needs of your garden and your personal preferences.\n\n ![Graph](image://2b1354f8-20ec-429c-a9c9-de19f17ca3d8 \"Gravel. Sten Porse, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nToo much mulch can create a barrier that prevents water penetration and root gas exchange and piling mulch against plant stems can cause rot and attract pests.\n","fba9c4e3-b5e5-4178-9942-19d1f0b6e77f",[633,642],{"id":634,"data":635,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"c4318763-451b-4cff-a5b4-9656eb2d3194",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":636,"binaryCorrect":638,"binaryIncorrect":640},[637],"Organic mulches, like wood chips or straw:",[639],"Decompose over time and contribute to soil fertility",[641],"Don't decompose but can suppress weeds and conserve water",{"id":643,"data":644,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"630115a5-c758-4d81-9f9b-dcb6b416f56d",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":645,"binaryCorrect":647,"binaryIncorrect":648},[646],"Inorganic mulches, like gravel or plastic:",[641],[639],{"id":650,"data":651,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":654},"22932e7c-b079-435b-8f05-fef4a288ba77",{"type":24,"markdownContent":652,"audioMediaId":653},"\nMulch should be applied when the soil is moist and warm. This helps to conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.\n\nA layer of mulch 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) deep should be spread around plants. When mulching around trees, apply mulch in a wide circle around the base of the tree, known as a \"mulch ring.\" This helps to protect the tree's roots and prevent competition from grass and other plants.\n\n ![Graph](image://7e9b34ce-a2d0-446e-9970-ecdf19e1bad6 \"Mulched wood. Owen Philipson, CC BY 2.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/> via Flickr\")\n\nOrganic mulch breaks down over time, so replenish it annually to maintain its benefits. Remove any old, decomposed mulch before adding fresh layers.\n\nThe color of the mulch can also affect the soil temperature. Light-colored mulches reflect sunlight, keeping the soil cooler, while dark-colored mulches absorb heat and warm the soil. This can be beneficial for heat-loving plants.\n","e63edc05-18f8-4bbe-bbf3-ae7d0b656ba9",[655,662,671,682],{"id":656,"data":657,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"42e47be8-da4c-481c-bc13-488eb1194adc",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":658,"clozeWords":660},[659],"Apply 2-4 inches of mulch around plants when soil is moist and warm.",[661],"2-4",{"id":663,"data":664,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"3db0845e-463c-4796-ab9d-0f72c985691d",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":665,"binaryCorrect":667,"binaryIncorrect":669},[666],"In the context of soil temperature, which type of mulch is better for a heat-loving plant?",[668],"Dark-colored mulch",[670],"Light-colored mulch",{"id":672,"data":673,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"9f2ac8e5-28f3-4136-8005-396538c477b8",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":674,"multiChoiceCorrect":676,"multiChoiceIncorrect":678,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[675],"What is the term for a wide circle of mulch around the base of a tree?",[677],"Mulch ring",[679,680,681],"Mulch circle","Mulch loop","Mulch zero",{"id":683,"data":684,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"bddeb23e-2c24-4292-b9c7-9125bc6f846e",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"collapsingSiblings":685,"multiChoiceQuestion":689,"multiChoiceCorrect":691,"multiChoiceIncorrect":693,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":697,"matchPairsPairs":698},[686,687,688],"38853409-bafc-4721-b8ee-c1cf855ac974","b2444d2d-c38f-4ba7-95e9-e13eb5588762","6f1d62a1-e972-4aec-9911-2510441b631f",[690],"Which of these is a use for fish emulsion?",[692],"Organic fertilizer for soil",[694,695,696],"Organic alkaline for soil","Organic pest repellant","Self-watering system",[90],[699],{"left":563,"right":692,"direction":35},{"id":701,"data":702,"type":25,"version":25,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":704,"introPage":712,"pages":718},"d9d2c08d-c13b-4070-88ed-60f0543147f0",{"type":25,"title":703},"Weeding & pruning",{"id":705,"data":706,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"a2e5f10c-8799-43ce-87c7-67e85fe45ddd",{"type":35,"summary":707},[708,709,710,711],"Weeding removes unwanted plants from a garden","Handpicking and mulching are effective ways to control weeds","Some weeds can benefit your garden and ecosystem","Pruning involves selective removal of plant parts",{"id":713,"data":714,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"a66072ec-166e-4ed8-ae1e-c2db23017d7c",{"type":51,"intro":715},[716,717],"What are the golden rules of weeding and pruning?","Why is timing crucial so crucial for both of these?",[719,740,764],{"id":720,"data":721,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":724},"bdd3d340-a347-4160-9751-d8499c550a20",{"type":24,"markdownContent":722,"audioMediaId":723},"Weeding is the practice of removing unwanted plants from a garden. Weeds can compete with your garden plants for resources, potentially hindering their growth and development.\n\nRegular handpicking and mulching are effective ways to reduce weeds. Handpicking can be a simple and effective method for removing weeds, especially if done regularly before the weeds have a chance to produce seeds. Mulching can also be a powerful tool in weed control, as it can prevent weed seeds from germinating and growing.\n\nWhile most gardeners strive to keep their gardens weed-free, it's important to recognize that not all weeds are harmful. Some weeds can actually provide benefits to your garden and the surrounding ecosystem. For example, certain weeds can attract beneficial insects, provide habitat for wildlife, or even improve soil fertility.","cc705c22-d2f0-48a4-8b56-5fcc9cfc007e",[725,733],{"id":726,"data":727,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"a6e6921d-d66e-48a9-8c63-f48a950f4d84",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":728,"activeRecallAnswers":730},[729],"What are two effective ways to reduce weeds in a garden?",[731,732],"Handpicking","Mulching",{"id":734,"data":735,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"4e1dc0c2-a754-4f81-b798-03f11725d04a",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":736,"clozeWords":738},[737],"While most gardeners strive to keep their gardens weed-free, it's important to recognize that not all weeds are harmful.",[739],"harmful",{"id":741,"data":742,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":745},"3a93071f-94bb-4117-86e8-0e622141ebba",{"type":24,"markdownContent":743,"audioMediaId":744},"Some plants require pruning, a technique that involves the selective removal of certain parts of a plant.\n\nThere are different pruning techniques based on the plant type. These include thinning, heading back, and pinching. Thinning involves removing entire branches or limbs to open up the interior of the plant to more light.\n\nHeading back is cutting back longer branches to encourage bushier growth. Pinching is removing the tips of young plant stems to encourage branching. Each technique has its own purpose and is used based on the specific needs of the plant.\n\n![Graph](image://e74b8436-a6d9-4d9e-8e15-0e120fb797bd \"Pruning a shrub. Hans Bernhard (Schnobby), CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nDeadheading is the practice of removing old flowers from a plant. By removing the old flowers, the plant can direct its energy towards creating new blooms.","9654fc71-e0f2-4c13-9575-b02d02977291",[746],{"id":747,"data":748,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"8d299fd4-7bd3-480f-b0ed-250a7b0569c9",{"type":65,"reviewType":154,"spacingBehaviour":24,"matchPairsQuestion":749,"matchPairsPairs":751,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},[750],"Match these pruning techniques to their definition:",[752,755,758,761],{"left":753,"right":754,"direction":35},"Thinning","Removing branches to open up the plant to more light",{"left":756,"right":757,"direction":35},"Heading back","Cutting longer branches to encourage bushy growth",{"left":759,"right":760,"direction":35},"Pinching","Removing the tips of stems to encourage branching",{"left":762,"right":763,"direction":35},"Deadheading","Removing old flowers to encourage new blooms",{"id":765,"data":766,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":769},"27cdffab-0473-45aa-b76b-1ad1989994ac",{"type":24,"markdownContent":767,"audioMediaId":768},"Pruning should ideally be done when the plant is dormant, typically in late winter or early spring, before new growth begins. This minimizes stress on the plant and reduces the risk of disease transmission.\n\nIt's important to use sharp, clean pruning tools like bypass pruners, loppers, and pruning saws. Cleaning your tools with rubbing alcohol before and after pruning can help prevent the spread of diseases from one plant to another.\n\nWhen pruning, don't remove more than a third of the plant's growth in one session. It's also important to prune branches that grow inward, downward, or cross each other to maintain an open canopy. This allows light and air to penetrate the plant, promoting healthier growth and reducing the risk of disease.","c4bc8406-91f7-4259-a30a-70032b3ef48d",[770,777,786],{"id":771,"data":772,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"fad13373-e0af-40e5-ba9b-4346b1ea699f",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":773,"clozeWords":775},[774],"Pruning should ideally be done when the plant is dormant, typically in late winter or early spring.",[776],"dormant",{"id":778,"data":779,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"139ad179-cb74-4ecc-b7e2-6c92de42d214",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":780,"binaryCorrect":782,"binaryIncorrect":784},[781],"What should you use to keep your pruning tools clean?",[783],"Rubbing alcohol",[785],"Rubbing soap",{"id":787,"data":788,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"69f444d5-2e79-4de5-b835-d5d798a9ac99",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":789,"multiChoiceCorrect":791,"multiChoiceIncorrect":793,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[790],"What is the maximum amount of a plant's growth that you should remove in one pruning session?",[792],"A third",[794,795,796],"A half","A quarter","A sixth",{"id":798,"data":799,"type":27,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"orbs":802},"068a13f5-d36f-462b-b832-aa8e3e9f48b9",{"type":27,"title":800,"tagline":801},"Soil Health","How do you look after soil?",[803,911],{"id":804,"data":805,"type":25,"version":25,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":807,"introPage":814,"pages":820},"8b99d300-240b-486d-a464-4ba792173895",{"type":25,"title":806},"Soil basics",{"id":808,"data":809,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"92b484c8-1be5-4426-a072-07854675ced1",{"type":35,"summary":810},[811,812,813],"The three main soil types are sand, loam, and clay","Soil pH affects nutrient availability","A healthy soil microbiome enhances plant growth",{"id":815,"data":816,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"2169182e-5fa3-4ed7-99ca-817a218be270",{"type":51,"intro":817},[818,819],"What are the three main types of soil?","How does soil type affect plant growth?",[821,826,850,865],{"id":822,"data":823,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25},"9e49fd26-3b6a-44e1-8eb1-66611359b591",{"type":24,"markdownContent":824,"audioMediaId":825},"Soil will always be the basis of a successful garden. Not only does it provide access to water, nutrients, and air, but it stabilizes the roots and helps fight against pests and disease.\n\n![Graph](image://05d13492-cbfc-49e5-a2ae-89a791ae946e \"Healthy soil. Image via Freepik\")\n\nSoil health is a multifaceted concept that integrates physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. This includes the diversity and abundance of soil organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and earthworms.\n\nThese organisms play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition, contributing to the overall health and fertility of the soil.","dd657ec0-f7f8-4706-b93f-8f0be4f8a6d4",{"id":827,"data":828,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":831},"d1219c22-40d8-4144-9339-61bc900358bd",{"type":24,"markdownContent":829,"audioMediaId":830},"There are three primary types of soil: sand, loam, and clay, each with distinct characteristics and uses. Sandy soils, for example, have large particles and drain quickly, making them suitable for plants that prefer dry conditions. However, they tend to hold fewer nutrients compared to other soil types.\n\nOn the other end of the spectrum, clay soils have small particles and hold water and nutrients well. However, they can become easily compacted and have poor drainage, which can lead to waterlogged conditions that many plants find unfavorable.\n\nLoamy soils, a balanced mix of sand, silt, and clay, are often considered the best for plant growth. They combine the drainage capabilities of sandy soils with the nutrient retention of clay soils, providing an optimal environment for a wide range of plants.","926a52fd-0830-456f-8124-fb407de83553",[832,838,844],{"id":833,"data":834,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"1b9b73d4-c008-4d54-8466-f81f5fd5be21",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":835,"clozeWords":837},[836],"Sandy soils have good drainage, but bad nutrient retention.",[165],{"id":839,"data":840,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"9e63acca-9174-4cd3-8771-e37d51a8ca97",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":841,"clozeWords":843},[842],"Clay soils have good nutrient retention, but bad drainage.",[162],{"id":845,"data":846,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"0f144873-1998-4ed1-b84c-023bf4b91553",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":847,"clozeWords":849},[848],"Loamy soils have good drainage and good nutrient retention.",[159],{"id":851,"data":852,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":855},"040b8bd8-5f3c-4db5-8051-d2379a5aa222",{"type":24,"markdownContent":853,"audioMediaId":854},"Soil pH — a measure of the soil's acidity or alkalinity — is a key factor that influences the availability of nutrients to plants. For example, certain nutrients, such as phosphorus, are more available in slightly acidic soils. Most plants prefer a soil pH between 6.0 and 7.0, which is slightly acidic to neutral. However, some plants have specific pH preferences. For instance, blueberries thrive in more acidic soils, while asparagus prefers more alkaline conditions.\n\nYou can easily test soil pH at home using common pantry ingredients like vinegar and baking soda.\n\nIf your soil pH is not within the desired range, you can adjust it using certain materials. Lime can be used to raise soil pH, making it more alkaline, while sulfur can be used to lower soil pH, making it more acidic. There are also organic options available, such as using pine needles to acidify soil or coffee grounds to make it more alkaline.\n\n![Graph](image://9beb0662-915f-41b8-ad1e-ca22e153a924 \"Pine needles. Richard Dorrell / Pine needles, CC BY 2.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en> via Wikimedia Commons\")","ea517d80-f874-4ee6-ae00-8d2da73d0163",[856],{"id":857,"data":858,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"aeaf3ad2-3578-43cc-b1c1-304ded13e8d8",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":859,"binaryCorrect":861,"binaryIncorrect":863},[860],"Which of these materials would make your soil more acidic?",[862],"Sulfur",[864],"Lime",{"id":866,"data":867,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":870},"8a9832a8-9316-4e5e-9050-a6f56f3465d9",{"type":24,"markdownContent":868,"audioMediaId":869},"The soil microbiome is a complex community of microorganisms. These microorganisms, which number in the billions, are involved in processes such as nutrient cycling and disease suppression.\n\nA healthy soil microbiome can significantly enhance plant growth and productivity. For example, bacteria called Rhizobium can convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates that plants can use, while others can produce substances that suppress plant diseases.\n\nThere are several ways to nurture the soil microbiome. One method is to add organic matter to the soil, such as compost or manure, which can provide food for soil microorganisms. Another method is to reduce soil disturbance, such as excessive tilling, which can disrupt soil microorganisms and degrade soil structure.\n\n![Graph](image://83630a96-3566-4483-ba67-96b3e9152227 \"Horse manure on soil. Rasbak, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nWorms are a great indicator of soil health. Find a moist section of garden bed and dig a hole 30cm wide and 30cm deep. Gently sift through the soil you removed and count the worms you find. 10 or more worms means your soil is fairly healthy.","15bdf9c5-e6ab-4ca3-8158-7b7511fdf8b9",[871,882,900],{"id":872,"data":873,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"532a39cb-d498-4de6-9f3e-c203dac4c010",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":874,"multiChoiceCorrect":876,"multiChoiceIncorrect":878,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[875],"Dig a hole 30cm wide and 30cm deep. Sift through the soil and count the worms. How many would you expect to find in a healthy garden?",[877],"10 worms",[879,880,881],"2 worms","5 worms","20 worms",{"id":883,"data":884,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"d1a6ba1d-bd45-4632-9466-0ca2227284e3",{"type":65,"reviewType":154,"spacingBehaviour":24,"matchPairsQuestion":885,"matchPairsPairs":887,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},[886],"Match each plant to its preferred soil pH:",[888,891,894,897],{"left":889,"right":890,"direction":35},"Most plants","6.0-7.0 (neutral)",{"left":892,"right":893,"direction":35},"Blueberries","Less than 6.0 (acidic)",{"left":895,"right":896,"direction":35},"Asparagus","More than 7.0 (alkaline)",{"left":898,"right":899,"direction":35},"Colugo","Not a plant",{"id":686,"data":901,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"collapsingSiblings":902,"multiChoiceQuestion":903,"multiChoiceCorrect":905,"multiChoiceIncorrect":906,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":907,"matchPairsPairs":908},[683,687,688],[904],"Which of these is a use for coffee grounds?",[694],[692,695,696],[90],[909],{"left":910,"right":694,"direction":35},"Coffee grounds",{"id":912,"data":913,"type":25,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":915,"introPage":922,"pages":928},"053d3c1f-7919-4864-b129-d26631b58abb",{"type":25,"title":914},"Keeping soil healthy",{"id":916,"data":917,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"3d944e3b-d75c-466a-bae6-5d8f0daf9a3d",{"type":35,"summary":918},[919,920,921],"Crop rotation improves soil fertility and structure","Soil amendments enhance soil properties and nutrient content","Composting turns organic waste into nutrient-rich soil conditioner",{"id":923,"data":924,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"2b046146-3517-4a86-9427-b396a6a3f9f4",{"type":51,"intro":925},[926,927],"What important factors contribute to soil health?","How can you improve the health of your garden's soil?",[929,950,974,1007],{"id":930,"data":931,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":934},"d459de5b-3d01-4f01-a773-001d047c7480",{"type":24,"markdownContent":932,"audioMediaId":933},"Soil needs to be managed. And there are a number of ways to go about that.\n\nCrop rotation is a time-tested practice of growing different types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons. Crop rotation can improve soil fertility and structure, as different crops have different nutrient needs and root structures.\n\n ![Graph](image://e8d70b4f-1ba3-47f6-b760-3303a3745155 \"Garden crops. Sten, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nFor example, leafy green vegetables like lettuce and spinach have high nitrogen requirements for leafy growth. On the other hand, legumes like soybeans or peas have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil. By rotating these two crops, you can balance the nutrient demands on the soil, and promote a more diverse soil structure.\n\nRotating crops can help to break pest and disease cycles, as many pests and diseases are specific to certain crops. By changing the crops each season, you can disrupt the life cycles of these pests and diseases, reducing their populations.\n","40faa06c-b6c0-47d8-a153-071c037ca2bd",[935,942],{"id":936,"data":937,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"0edf066e-9411-4352-a68a-9058bcba25e1",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":938,"clozeWords":940},[939],"Crop rotation improves soil fertility and structure, balances nutrient demands, and disrupts pest and disease cycles in agriculture.",[941],"rotation",{"id":943,"data":944,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"d75d11f4-b697-4135-b405-83fa2e153bc5",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":945,"activeRecallAnswers":947},[946],"Leafy greens have high nitrogen requirements. What should you rotate them with, and why?",[948,949],"Legumes","They can fix atmospheric nitrogen",{"id":951,"data":952,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":955},"0b6565b6-9ac6-45f2-ba29-1f93065d6790",{"type":24,"markdownContent":953,"audioMediaId":954},"\nSoil amendments are materials added to soil to improve its physical properties and nutrient content. They can be used to adjust soil pH, improve soil structure, increase nutrient levels, and enhance water retention and drainage.\n\nCompost, manure and pH materials are good examples, but these are not the only amendments you can use. For example, peat moss can enhance the soil's water-holding capacity, and perlite (crushed volcanic material) can improve soil aeration and drainage.\n\nThe choice of soil amendment depends on the specific needs of your soil and the plants you are growing. For example, if your soil is acidic and you want to grow plants that prefer alkaline conditions, you might add crushed eggshells or wood ash to raise the soil pH. On the other hand, if your soil is sandy and drains too quickly, you might add coconut coir to improve its water-holding capacity.\n\n ![Graph](image://ea0179c1-447c-48d3-88e1-b75926b25692 \"Wood ash. Laurentius, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n","b96ebc9f-b640-43fa-b33a-ea6627835f0a",[956],{"id":957,"data":958,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"bc066e1d-1cb0-4950-b122-d366c6443d40",{"type":65,"reviewType":154,"spacingBehaviour":24,"matchPairsQuestion":959,"matchPairsPairs":961,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},[960],"Match each soil amendment to its function:",[962,965,968,971],{"left":963,"right":964,"direction":35},"Coconut coir","Improves water retention",{"left":966,"right":967,"direction":35},"Perlite","Improves drainage",{"left":969,"right":970,"direction":35},"Crushed eggshells","Makes soil more alkaline",{"left":972,"right":973,"direction":35},"Pine needles","Makes soil more acidic",{"id":975,"data":976,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":979},"27291bf5-9bcc-41d7-aefa-37bb2014670c",{"type":24,"markdownContent":977,"audioMediaId":978},"\nComposting is a transformative process that turns organic waste into a nutrient-rich soil conditioner. This process involves the decomposition of organic materials, such as kitchen scraps and yard waste, by microorganisms. The end product, compost, is rich in nutrients and can improve soil health and fertility.\n\nThere are several methods of composting that you can choose from, depending on your needs and resources. Backyard composting involves piling organic waste in your yard and turning it regularly. Vermicomposting uses worms (usually red wigglers) to speed up the decomposition process, while bokashi composting uses a specific type of microorganism to ferment organic waste.\n\n ![Graph](image://c8dbf4f0-fafc-40a3-abf5-1580055d2713 \"Red wigglers. SuSanA Secretariat, CC BY 2.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nAdding compost to your soil can provide a range of benefits. It can improve soil structure, making it easier for plant roots to penetrate. It can also increase the soil's water-holding capacity, reducing the risk of drought stress. Moreover, compost can enrich the soil with nutrients, promoting healthier and more vigorous plant growth.\n","9a68e21a-ded5-4993-afb2-abbbf038abdd",[980,989],{"id":981,"data":982,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"c1eb53d4-53e2-4200-9994-27c7da788e74",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":983,"activeRecallAnswers":985},[984],"What are the three main benefits of adding compost to your soil?",[986,987,988],"Improves soil structure","Increases water retention","Enriches soil with nutrients",{"id":990,"data":991,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"0cf064a7-d0ca-434d-9ebf-fe503fad747a",{"type":65,"reviewType":154,"spacingBehaviour":24,"matchPairsQuestion":992,"matchPairsPairs":994,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},[993],"Match each type of composting to the definition:",[995,998,1001,1004],{"left":996,"right":997,"direction":35},"Backyard","Piling up organic waste and regularly turning",{"left":999,"right":1000,"direction":35},"Vermicompost","Using worms to speed up decomposition",{"left":1002,"right":1003,"direction":35},"Bokashi","Using microorganisms to ferment organic waste",{"left":1005,"right":1006,"direction":35},"Hugelkultur","Not a type of composting",{"id":1008,"data":1009,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1012},"7f83841c-1d64-481d-8396-7a69b7662d90",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1010,"audioMediaId":1011},"\nWhile composting is a great way to recycle organic waste, not all materials are suitable for composting.\n\nMaterials such as meat, dairy, and diseased plants should not be composted due to the risk of attracting pests and spreading disease. Instead, aim for a balanced mix of \"green\" nitrogen-rich materials, such as kitchen scraps, and \"brown\" carbon-rich materials, such as leaves and paper.\n\nTo ensure efficient decomposition, it's important to turn or aerate the compost pile regularly. This introduces oxygen into the pile, which is necessary for the microbes to break down the materials. A well-maintained compost pile will heat up as the microbes work, indicating that the composting process is underway.\n\n ![Graph](image://46c86076-6872-40b2-b1fb-b30a7439cde7 \"Not all of this should be composted. Niwrat, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n","5f6e5246-497e-48f0-8344-5ce7793bb7c1",[1013,1024,1031],{"id":1014,"data":1015,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"195d4596-f014-4b23-874a-3d864d1ec074",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":1016,"multiChoiceCorrect":1018,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1020,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[1017],"Which of these materials would not be suitable for composting?",[1019],"Cheese",[1021,1022,1023],"Lettuce","Paper","Cardboard",{"id":1025,"data":1026,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"10f51a6f-bd9a-44a8-b47a-4aa32bf4ede9",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":1027,"clozeWords":1029},[1028],"To ensure efficient decomposition, it's important to turn or aerate your compost pile regularly. ",[1030],"aerate",{"id":1032,"data":1033,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"cd659963-803f-4e97-9a52-c0f3bd7c664f",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":1034,"binaryCorrect":1036,"binaryIncorrect":1038},[1035],"A well-maintained compost pile will do what (as a sign that microbes are hard at work)?",[1037],"Warm up",[1039],"Cool down",{"id":1041,"data":1042,"type":27,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"orbs":1045},"bda98c2d-2ac4-4931-9507-9635f09fb8e0",{"type":27,"title":1043,"tagline":1044},"Pest Control","How do you deal with pests?",[1046,1157],{"id":1047,"data":1048,"type":25,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":1050,"introPage":1057,"pages":1063},"397caba3-a887-4bc3-af46-8218332334b6",{"type":25,"title":1049},"Pest basics",{"id":1051,"data":1052,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"9642bf4a-3d85-4405-8d4f-ef30edea1e53",{"type":35,"summary":1053},[1054,1055,1056],"Pests can cause damage by chewing on leaves and stems","Organic pest control methods include handpicking and biological controls","Chemical pesticides should only be used as a last resort",{"id":1058,"data":1059,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"707debff-f068-4ea4-9cf2-98a3f62f046a",{"type":51,"intro":1060},[1061,1062],"What are some of the most common garden pests?","How do pests impact the ecosystem they live in?",[1064,1097,1114],{"id":1065,"data":1066,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1069},"8d3fa87c-d11a-45cc-a953-b8468ad55b04",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1067,"audioMediaId":1068},"Pests can cause a variety of damage to your plants. They can chew on leaves and stems, suck sap from plants, and even spread diseases. For example, slugs and snails, common pests in damp environments, can cause significant damage by eating leaves and stems.\n\nAphids are another common garden pest. These small, soft-bodied insects are known to suck sap from plants, causing damage. They reproduce rapidly and can quickly infest your plants if not controlled.\n\n ![Graph](image://9b693d7a-7729-480c-827e-8df6d9318dcf \"Aphid on a leaf. Photo by WikiPedant at Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nFungal diseases like powdery mildew are common on zucchini, squash, and tomatoes and rob the plant of water and nutrients. Nematodes are microscopic roundworms that live in the soil and attack plant roots, causing stunted growth and nutrient deficiencies.\n\nRegular inspection of plants is a key strategy in preventing pest infestations. By regularly checking your plants for signs of pests, you can catch infestations early and take action before they become more serious.\n","d1b9875c-3bff-436f-be66-6adc7f898dd7",[1070,1079],{"id":1071,"data":1072,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"077ef296-c297-42b0-a23e-a54bd658c85f",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":1073,"binaryCorrect":1075,"binaryIncorrect":1077},[1074],"What is a key strategy in preventing pest infestations?",[1076],"Regular inspection of plants",[1078],"Regular watering of plants",{"id":1080,"data":1081,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"d4466e28-fca9-4b66-953a-1d4165c53a98",{"type":65,"reviewType":154,"spacingBehaviour":24,"matchPairsQuestion":1082,"matchPairsPairs":1084,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},[1083],"Match the pest to the damage it causes.",[1085,1088,1091,1094],{"left":1086,"right":1087,"direction":35},"Snails","Eat a plant's leaves",{"left":1089,"right":1090,"direction":35},"Aphids","Suck a plant's sap",{"left":1092,"right":1093,"direction":35},"Mildew","Steal a plant's water",{"left":1095,"right":1096,"direction":35},"Nematodes","Attack a plant's roots",{"id":1098,"data":1099,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1102},"272ff145-18d3-4557-b09d-82680be44a88",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1100,"audioMediaId":1101},"\nChemical pest control involves the use of synthetic pesticides to manage and eliminate pest populations that threaten crops, plants, or gardens.\n\n ![Graph](image://1a851030-c97b-47ab-9715-baaa91c4f186 \"Chemical control. Image via Freepik\")\n\nWhile chemical pesticides can be effective in controlling pests, they should be used as a last resort. This is because they can have negative impacts on human health, beneficial insects, non-target organisms, and the environment.\n\nOne of the most prominent examples of the dangers of pesticides was found in Rachel Carson's *Silent Spring*. The author used her work to inform the public about the dangers of a pesticide called DDT, which led to it being banned.\n\nDue to these health and environmental risks, it's important to use these chemicals responsibly and only when necessary. Choose pesticides that target specific pests to minimize harm to beneficial insects and non-target organisms and integrate them as part of a broader pest management strategy that includes cultural practices, biological controls, and preventive measures.\n","2859c184-7b0a-414a-a739-f421544826e7",[1103],{"id":1104,"data":1105,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"1ebeeece-3abf-4467-a809-c7e5295bb53f",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":1106,"multiChoiceCorrect":1108,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1110,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[1107],"Rachel Carson's 'Silent Spring' highlighted the dangers of:",[1109],"Chemical pesticides",[1111,1112,1113],"Garden pests","Acid rain","Storm surges",{"id":1115,"data":1116,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1119},"e4223edc-7083-463f-b265-8ff6d0989637",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1117,"audioMediaId":1118},"\nThere are a number of ways to organically control pests. Mechanical control methods like handpicking is especially effective with caterpillars, slugs and snails. You can also use biological controls, like beneficial nematodes, to control soil-dwelling pests like grubs and root knot nematodes.\n\nThere are also homemade remedies that can help you fight pests. Neem oil acts as an insect growth regulator and repellent for a variety of pests, and mild soap mixed with water and sprayed on plants can suffocate soft-bodied pests like aphids. These methods can be effective in controlling pests without the use of harmful chemicals.\n\nPhysical barriers like netting and row covers can also be used as part of an organic pest control strategy. These barriers can prevent pests from reaching your plants, providing a simple and effective way to protect your garden from pest infestations.\n\n ![Graph](image://f3bc4f15-455f-49eb-b633-69679adaa566 \"Netting on a vineyard. Nathan Jones, CC BY 2.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n","e47f2bd3-2d3f-42c8-9f74-1b2d9e2894af",[1120,1127,1135,1146],{"id":1121,"data":1122,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"29a58505-64ff-4992-b21b-cd0fc364cdd4",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":1123,"clozeWords":1125},[1124],"You can use biological controls, like beneficial nematodes, to control soil-dwelling pests.",[1126],"nematodes",{"id":1128,"data":1129,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"9e0e7b2d-6fed-461f-a2df-65c1e1746518",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":1130,"activeRecallAnswers":1132},[1131],"Which two types of physical barriers can be used to organically protect your plants from pests?",[1133,1134],"Netting","Row covers",{"id":687,"data":1136,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"collapsingSiblings":1137,"multiChoiceQuestion":1138,"multiChoiceCorrect":1140,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1141,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":1142,"matchPairsPairs":1143},[683,686,688],[1139],"Which of these is a use for neem oil?",[695],[692,694,696],[90],[1144],{"left":1145,"right":695,"direction":35},"Neem oil",{"id":78,"data":1147,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"collapsingSiblings":1148,"multiChoiceQuestion":1149,"multiChoiceCorrect":1151,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1152,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":1153,"matchPairsPairs":1154},[75,79,80],[1150],"Who alerted the globe about the dangers of pesticides?",[86],[84,87,88],[90],[1155],{"left":86,"right":1156,"direction":35},"Warned the world about pesticides",{"id":1158,"data":1159,"type":25,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":1161,"introPage":1168,"pages":1174},"d558ff56-0c9e-43ca-bc1d-ecc98101e2ca",{"type":25,"title":1160},"Working with pests",{"id":1162,"data":1163,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"caba1857-8013-4e26-b819-ee7656222868",{"type":35,"summary":1164},[1165,1166,1167],"Basil and Marigolds are effective companion plants for pest control","Ladybugs are natural predators that can help control aphid populations","Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a comprehensive approach to pest control",{"id":1169,"data":1170,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"1c302da1-b1f9-4ceb-8165-5a65f974b801",{"type":51,"intro":1171},[1172,1173],"What are the golden rules of pest management?","Can pests sometimes be good for your garden?",[1175,1190,1205],{"id":1176,"data":1177,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1180},"143f8961-4b2c-4f4b-a0d5-281fd1b0b150",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1178,"audioMediaId":1179},"Companion planting is a gardening practice that involves growing different plants together in close proximity.\n\nCertain plants, like Basil and Marigolds, are known to be particularly effective as companion plants. Basil, when planted near peppers, can repel thrips and flies.\n\nSimilarly, Marigolds, when planted alongside tomatoes, can deter nematodes and other pests. This natural form of pest control can help keep your plants healthy and productive.\n\n ![Graph](image://c7000aa9-511b-400a-bb27-e0485e47b9e3 \"Tomato plant. Ruth Hartnup, CC BY 2.0 DEED \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/> via Flickr\")\n\nSome plants are also more attractive to pests than others. For example, nasturtiums attract aphids. You can use them as a distraction to keep them away from your other, more important crops.\n","028cbf64-8d03-42b7-9732-0ba00f66aa81",[1181],{"id":1182,"data":1183,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"16d5bbf8-60dd-445c-8cfc-9982c91c0667",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":1184,"binaryCorrect":1186,"binaryIncorrect":1188},[1185],"What companion plant might you grow in your garden if you wanted to repel thrips and flies?",[1187],"Basil",[1189],"Marigolds",{"id":1191,"data":1192,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1195},"134fe937-ef8a-4ec5-a903-a4acc5966c0f",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1193,"audioMediaId":1194},"\nNot all insects are pests. They can also be a gardener's best friend. They pollinate flowers, which is essential for the production of fruits and seeds. And that's not all.\n\nInsects are natural predators. They can help to control pest populations, ensuring that harmful insects do not overrun your plants.\n\nFor example, ladybugs, with their distinctive red and black spotted appearance, are voracious consumers of aphids. One ladybug can eat hundreds of aphids per day. This helps keep the aphid population in check, preventing them from damaging your plants.\n\n ![Graph](image://39c6d6ca-82b2-45c3-8987-75875dbe6770 \"Ladybug with aphids. Greyson Orlando, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThe easiest way to attract beneficial bugs into your garden is to create an attractive environment. Choose plants that offer pollen, nectar and shelter. A diverse range of plants will attract a larger variety of beneficial bugs. Pesticides are also a no-no if you want to encourage helpful insects, so choose organic and eco-friendly whenever possible.\n","c407077a-e377-4e95-b18f-49d652e72012",[1196],{"id":1197,"data":1198,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"7a80b145-6087-45c5-8b1c-102c0e9e5b1c",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":1199,"activeRecallAnswers":1201},[1200],"To attract beneficial insects to your garden, you should grow plants that offer which three things?",[1202,1203,1204],"Pollen","Nectar","Shelter",{"id":1206,"data":1207,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1210},"22f4c754-dddb-4684-9c4e-0e5ad12ca2f5",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1208,"audioMediaId":1209},"\nIntegrated Pest Management (IPM) is a comprehensive approach to pest control that involves using a combination of methods. These methods can include biological and chemical methods. The goal of IPM is to manage pests in a way that minimizes harm to the environment and human health.\n\nThe foundation of IPM is prevention. By preventing pest problems before they occur, you can reduce the need for more intensive pest control measures. This can involve practices like regular monitoring, proper plant selection, and maintaining healthy soil.\n\nRegular monitoring and identification of pests is a key component of IPM. By regularly inspecting your plants and identifying any pests that are present, you can take early action to control them. This can help prevent small pest problems from becoming larger infestations.\n","18681332-72e0-45b1-a802-b64026db58e5",[1211,1222,1229,1236],{"id":223,"data":1212,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"collapsingSiblings":1213,"multiChoiceQuestion":1214,"multiChoiceCorrect":1216,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1217,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":1218,"matchPairsPairs":1219},[220,224,225],[1215],"How many aphids can one ladybug consume in a day?",[231],[229,232,233],[90],[1220],{"left":1221,"right":231,"direction":35},"Aphids one ladybug can consume in a day",{"id":1223,"data":1224,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"28fe40cc-8626-4d87-a26e-51742be76d55",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":1225,"activeRecallAnswers":1227},[1226],"What is the goal of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?",[1228],"To manage pests in a way that minimizes harm to the environment and human health.",{"id":1230,"data":1231,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"c71bcee3-1131-43fe-a738-e40fcfaf23a6",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":1232,"binaryCorrect":1234,"binaryIncorrect":1235},[1233],"What companion plant might you grow in your garden if you wanted to repel nematodes?",[1189],[1187],{"id":1237,"data":1238,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"6419aba8-f827-4f28-a01f-b655d808df0e",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":1239,"multiChoiceCorrect":1241,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1243,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[1240],"What companion plant might you grow in your garden if you wanted to distract aphids?",[1242],"Nasturtiums",[1189,1187,1244],"Begonias",{"id":1246,"data":1247,"type":27,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"orbs":1250},"768f6ec8-50b4-49d0-8c2f-d1fb794253b6",{"type":27,"title":1248,"tagline":1249},"Harvesting","How do your harvest plants?",[1251,1339,1438],{"id":1252,"data":1253,"type":25,"version":25,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":1255,"introPage":1262,"pages":1268},"3a4f6707-a301-4317-ac47-f20757b6c685",{"type":25,"title":1254},"Harvesting basics",{"id":1256,"data":1257,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"945ace97-392d-4173-a0f5-dfb425017c15",{"type":35,"summary":1258},[1259,1260,1261],"Timing is key for optimal harvesting","Different fruits and vegetables have specific harvesting times","Proper storage is essential for maintaining produce quality",{"id":1263,"data":1264,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"00eeae7a-9432-4853-b158-ef8aca11cf8d",{"type":51,"intro":1265},[1266,1267],"What are the golden rules of harvesting?","How does the ripeness of a crop affect its harvesting process?",[1269,1274,1289,1312],{"id":1270,"data":1271,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25},"55734b3d-d750-4b01-8593-b0f3b1603608",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1272,"audioMediaId":1273},"Harvesting is a critical stage in the gardening process if you are growing fruits and vegetables. It involves the collection of mature plants or plant parts from the garden.\n\n![Graph](image://ad4ba734-5095-4d33-ad93-91fdb1d4c4bb \"Fruit and vegetables. Jina Lee, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThis process requires careful timing and technique to ensure that the produce is at its peak in terms of flavor, texture, and nutritional value. Harvesting too early or too late can significantly affect the quality of the produce.\n\nOnce the produce has been harvested, the next step is storing. Storing refers to the methods used to preserve the harvested produce for future use. This could involve refrigeration, drying, canning, or freezing, depending on the type of produce. The goal of storing is to maintain the freshness and quality of the produce for as long as possible","6598c082-7e97-4537-a6f9-77f4eefe4b00",{"id":1275,"data":1276,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":1279},"c31dd4b6-6ba0-47c4-ac7d-9d5fa7a41447",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1277,"audioMediaId":1278},"Harvesting fruits is a delicate process that requires careful timing. The optimal time for harvesting fruits varies depending on the type of fruit and its maturity. This is because different fruits reach their peak quality at different stages of maturity.\n\nFor instance, apples and pears are typically harvested when they are fully sized but still hard. This is because these fruits continue to ripen after they have been harvested. Harvesting them at this stage ensures that they do not become overripe and mushy before they can be consumed.\n\n![Graph](image://5b71a140-2b7a-4407-8aaa-ee7706dfa3eb \"Harvesting apples. Marc-Lautenbacher, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nBerries, on the other hand, are harvested when they reach their full color and are slightly soft to the touch. This is because berries do not continue to ripen after they have been harvested. Therefore, they need to be fully ripe at the time of harvesting to ensure the best flavor and texture.","23971bab-46d5-4584-acad-817fe2e4d083",[1280],{"id":1281,"data":1282,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"e09d5556-b413-4df5-b665-a3432de86d66",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":1283,"binaryCorrect":1285,"binaryIncorrect":1287},[1284],"When should you harvest apples and pears?",[1286],"When they reach their full size and are still hard",[1288],"When they reach their full color and are slightly soft",{"id":1290,"data":1291,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":1294},"468a8599-ef33-42ac-9316-070b68def704",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1292,"audioMediaId":1293},"Just like fruits, vegetables also have specific harvesting times depending on their type and maturity. Understanding these times helps to ensure that the vegetables are at their peak in terms of flavor, texture, and nutritional value when they are harvested.\n\n![Graph](image://d7b54272-e6ca-465d-bc4c-931f14a470b6 \"Harvesting vegetables. Image via Freepik\")\n\nFor example, leafy vegetables like lettuce and spinach can be harvested as soon as they are large enough to eat or picked as needed. This allows for a continuous supply of fresh greens throughout the growing season. Harvesting these vegetables regularly also encourages new growth, resulting in a higher yield.\n\nSome vegetables like potatoes and garlic are harvested when the foliage starts to die back. This is a sign that the vegetables have reached maturity and are ready to be harvested. Root crops like carrots, parsnips, turnips, and radish are ready to harvest when you can see a sizable section of the root popping out of the ground.","abb29ce0-2b97-4159-b3ec-819de279589d",[1295],{"id":1296,"data":1297,"type":65,"version":25,"maxContentLevel":35},"1626545b-0d81-41c0-afd1-e53a0ce5a68c",{"type":65,"reviewType":154,"spacingBehaviour":24,"matchPairsQuestion":1298,"matchPairsPairs":1300,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},[1299],"When should you harvest each of these edible vegetables?",[1301,1303,1306,1309],{"left":1021,"right":1302,"direction":35},"When they're large enough to eat",{"left":1304,"right":1305,"direction":35},"Potatoes","When the foliage starts to die back",{"left":1307,"right":1308,"direction":35},"Carrots","When the root starts to pop from the ground",{"left":1310,"right":1311,"direction":35},"Daffodils","This isn't a vegetable",{"id":1313,"data":1314,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":1317},"ac0dd00b-c9d8-4e4c-a208-2ee2cbe5118c",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1315,"audioMediaId":1316},"Proper storage of fruits and vegetables involves maintaining the right temperature and humidity levels. This is crucial to prevent spoilage and to maintain the quality of the produce.\n\nLeafy greens, for instance, should be stored in an airtight container with a paper towel to absorb excess moisture. This helps to prevent wilting and keeps the greens fresh for longer. The paper towel absorbs any excess moisture, which can lead to rot or mold growth.\n\n![Graph](image://301e5fb6-de29-409c-af23-bdb90121feef \"Storing lettuce. Photo by Daian Gan from Pexels: https://www.pexels.com/photo/green-and-white-lettuce-102123/\")\n\nRoot vegetables like potatoes and onions, on the other hand, should be stored in a cool, dark, and well-ventilated area. These conditions help to slow down the natural decay process and keep the vegetables fresh for longer. It's also important to avoid storing these vegetables in plastic bags, as this can trap moisture and lead to rot.","179f0386-02db-4f6c-bd52-d22b3ac74184",[1318,1325,1332],{"id":1319,"data":1320,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"85866fb5-344a-4030-a561-388260026e6f",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":1321,"activeRecallAnswers":1323},[1322],"How should you store leafy greens, like lettuces?",[1324],"In an airtight container with a paper towel",{"id":1326,"data":1327,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"d2d3faff-7e48-475c-8f05-20c445f913fd",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":1328,"activeRecallAnswers":1330},[1329],"How should you store root vegetables, like onions?",[1331],"In a cool, dark, well-ventilated area",{"id":1333,"data":1334,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"e83305a1-b977-46ba-9815-d88c786e876a",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":1335,"binaryCorrect":1337,"binaryIncorrect":1338},[1336],"When should you harvest berries?",[1288],[1286],{"id":1340,"data":1341,"type":25,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":1343,"introPage":1350,"pages":1356},"23ddbe35-0e18-4ddd-819d-3ff7c653ddec",{"type":25,"title":1342},"Herbs & flowers",{"id":1344,"data":1345,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"705a99ec-73e5-46cd-817f-a9ed0d00e926",{"type":35,"summary":1346},[1347,1348,1349],"Morning harvest preserves oils in herbs and freshness in flowers","Cut flowers in bud stage for vibrancy and longevity","Store herbs and flowers in cool, dark place for color and aroma",{"id":1351,"data":1352,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"6586ea30-c5f7-46cf-b357-6d4bca7a812d",{"type":51,"intro":1353},[1354,1355],"What are the golden rules of harvesting herbs?","What are the golden rules of harvesting flowers?",[1357,1381,1405],{"id":1358,"data":1359,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1362},"819c03a8-41bb-491a-b7b9-5505a4503706",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1360,"audioMediaId":1361},"Herbs are generally harvested just before the plant flowers, when the leaves contain the highest concentration of oils. These oils are responsible for the aroma and flavor of the herbs, so harvesting at this stage ensures the best quality.\n\n ![Graph](image://cb698ef7-ecdc-4a69-8ab7-1a673e334e17 \"Herb garden. Public domain, CCO \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/public-domain/cc0/> via rawpixel\")\n\nThe timing of the harvest is also important. Harvesting should be done in the morning after the dew has dried but before the sun gets too hot. This is because the heat of the sun can cause the oils in the herbs to evaporate, reducing their flavor and aroma.\n\nIt's also important to only harvest about one-third of the plant at a time to allow it to recover and continue growing. This ensures a continuous supply of fresh herbs throughout the growing season.\n","2b31342a-af44-4c1c-aeca-a35bb560db2e",[1363,1370],{"id":1364,"data":1365,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"84233576-a534-4931-a59d-a3773002fa95",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":1366,"clozeWords":1368},[1367],"To ensure the best quality and flavor, herbs should be harvested just before the plant flowers.",[1369],"flowers",{"id":1371,"data":1372,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"334f63a8-392f-4603-90b0-09e611b2e719",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":1373,"multiChoiceCorrect":1375,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1377,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[1374],"What time of day should you harvest herbs, to make sure the oils don't evaporate?",[1376],"Morning, after the dew has dried",[1378,1379,1380],"Morning, before the dew has dried","Evening, before the sun goes down","Evening, after the sun goes down",{"id":1382,"data":1383,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1386},"a209480c-3359-414c-b5c0-363298a78523",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1384,"audioMediaId":1385},"\nFlowers should be harvested when they are in bud or just starting to open. This is when they are at their most vibrant and beautiful. Harvesting at this stage also ensures that the flowers last longer once they are cut.\n\n ![Graph](image://65d6feb8-a5d7-4d79-9de7-43a2c8bb924c \"Harvesting flowers. Photo by Kelly from Pexels: https://www.pexels.com/photo/a-farmer-harvesting-flowers-8148252/\")\n\nLike herbs, flowers should be harvested in the morning after the dew has dried. This is because the water from the dew can cause the flowers to wilt faster. Harvesting in the morning also ensures that the flowers are at their freshest.\n\nOnce cut, flowers should be placed immediately in water to prevent wilting. Try and cut the stems at a 45 degree angle. This allows more surface area for water absorption and prevents the stems from sitting flush against the bottom of the vase. Alternatively, they can be hung to dry if they are to be used for dried flower arrangements or crafts.\n","2494c171-3566-4fea-b2ef-e1a11b727faf",[1387,1398],{"id":1388,"data":1389,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"8d4b0aa7-6e57-410e-95f2-81d61b3f019e",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":1390,"multiChoiceCorrect":1392,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1394,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[1391],"The best time to harvest flowers is when they are:",[1393],"Just starting to open",[1395,1396,1397],"In full bloom","At the end of their life cycle","Still closed",{"id":1399,"data":1400,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"63856f94-a686-4df2-8fcb-f68c420e213c",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":1401,"activeRecallAnswers":1403},[1402],"Why should you cut flower stems at a 45 degree angle?",[1404],"More surface area for water absorption when you put them in a vase",{"id":1406,"data":1407,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1410},"6f2e0aa4-b435-4725-9931-4f4e969f80cc",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1408,"audioMediaId":1409},"\nHerbs can be stored by drying, freezing, or preserving them in oil or vinegar. Drying is the most common method and involves hanging the herbs in a warm, dry, well-ventilated area until they are completely dry. Freezing preserves the flavor of the herbs but can alter their texture, making them best suited for use in cooked dishes.\n\nFlowers, particularly cut flowers, can be preserved by drying or pressing. Drying involves hanging the flowers upside down in a warm, dry area until they are completely dry, like herbs. Pressing involves placing the flowers between sheets of paper and applying weight to flatten them. Both methods allow the flowers to be enjoyed long after they have been harvested.\n\nIt's important to store herbs and flowers in a cool, dark place to maintain their color and aroma. Exposure to light or heat can cause the herbs and flowers to lose their color and aroma, reducing their quality.\n\n ![Graph](image://55aa8858-44dc-4af7-9266-76eabc38af07 \"Drying herbs. Лобачев Владимир, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n","4210aedc-96f3-493a-9bc8-058d08d491e9",[1411,1420,1427],{"id":1412,"data":1413,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"0cb2f94b-38c1-4fc7-87c9-f6f66e4f7b40",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":1414,"activeRecallAnswers":1416},[1415],"What are the three best methods for storing herbs?",[1417,1418,1419],"Drying","Freezing","Preserving in oil or vinegar",{"id":1421,"data":1422,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"524faf34-9e2a-46e6-aa29-0bf787c7f33d",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":1423,"activeRecallAnswers":1425},[1424],"What are the two best methods for storing flowers?",[1417,1426],"Pressing",{"id":1428,"data":1429,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"27d42945-d8b5-4fdf-bbae-80f221998d3d",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":1430,"multiChoiceCorrect":1432,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1434,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[1431],"How much of your herb plant should you harvest at one time?",[1433],"No more than a third",[1435,1436,1437],"No more than a quarter","No more than a half","The entire plant",{"id":1439,"data":1440,"type":25,"version":25,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":1442,"introPage":1449,"pages":1455},"d912c32a-e50c-477f-aafe-92be09bbd95e",{"type":25,"title":1441},"Seeds",{"id":1443,"data":1444,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"e7887ff3-5f6e-47bb-8c55-290e2d3d4ba1",{"type":35,"summary":1445},[1446,1447,1448],"Harvest seeds when fully developed and dry","Clean and dry seeds before storing","Use paper envelopes or jars with airtight lids for storage",{"id":1450,"data":1451,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"c7203e0a-6eca-4d60-a3a3-f6410d6e9ee3",{"type":51,"intro":1452},[1453,1454],"What's the best time to harvest seeds from a plant?","How can you tell if a seed is ready for harvesting?",[1456,1469],{"id":1457,"data":1458,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":1461},"6a3a0188-65c9-414d-ae0a-a21fcbb0b67e",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1459,"audioMediaId":1460},"Seeds are typically harvested from mature plants at the end of the growing season. This is when the seeds have fully developed and are ready to be collected for future planting.\n\nThe seeds should be fully developed and dry before they are harvested. Harvesting seeds that are not fully mature or that are still wet can result in poor germination rates.\n\n![Graph](image://264798e7-c075-4ae5-98e7-2c8ceec20a7b \"Harvesting seeds. USFWS Mountain-Prairie, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nSome seeds, like tomato and pumpkin, need to be removed from the fruit/vegetable, cleaned, and dried on a paper towel before storage.\n\nAfter harvesting, seeds should be cleaned and dried thoroughly before storing to prevent mold growth. Mold can damage the seeds and may prevent them from germinating.","dffaace8-2dd5-4423-81fb-2f4902db4e82",[1462],{"id":1463,"data":1464,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"af14f3f8-bcca-4c28-992d-c64561653567",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":1465,"clozeWords":1467},[1466],"Harvesting seeds that are not fully mature, or that are still wet, can result in poor germination rates.",[1468],"germination",{"id":1470,"data":1471,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":1474},"e3e034fe-7121-403c-9907-eacbd48cacee",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1472,"audioMediaId":1473},"Seeds should be stored in a cool, dry place to maintain their viability. This helps to prevent the seeds from germinating prematurely or from becoming damaged by mold or pests.\n\nThey can be stored in paper envelopes or jars with airtight lids. Use a dessicant like silica gel or calcium chloride to remove excess moisture. Remember to label your envelopes or jars to prevent germinating the wrong seeds.\n\n![Graph](image://10eb2a37-57db-41f9-880a-a46465cfc2c1 \"Seed jars. Gaurav_Dhwaj_Khadka, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nProperly stored seeds can remain viable for several years, depending on the species. This allows gardeners to save seeds from year to year, reducing the need to purchase new seeds each season. However, it's important to note that the germination rate of seeds decreases over time, so older seeds may not germinate as well as fresh ones.","819334a8-747a-4603-b464-2a37a1540077",[1475,1486,1493],{"id":1476,"data":1477,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"73c13c01-613e-4961-b380-09431e6b5d23",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":1478,"multiChoiceCorrect":1480,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1482,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[1479],"Why might you use silica gel or calcium chloride when you're storing seeds?",[1481],"To remove excess moisture",[1483,1484,1485],"To improve seed color","To increase seed size","To change seed shape",{"id":1487,"data":1488,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"b1436d79-fbe7-432b-9e7f-df4635ee25fc",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":1489,"clozeWords":1491},[1490],"When storing seeds, remember to label your envelopes or jars to prevent germinating the wrong seeds. ",[1492],"label",{"id":1494,"data":1495,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"acb62758-cf0f-4380-a1f3-8f93f1dbc9d6",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":1496,"binaryCorrect":1498,"binaryIncorrect":1500},[1497],"What should be done to seeds after harvesting to prevent mold growth?",[1499],"Cleaned and dried",[1501],"Soaked in water",{"id":1503,"data":1504,"type":27,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"orbs":1507},"65bace9f-a350-4f28-ab9c-ededbe426809",{"type":27,"title":1505,"tagline":1506},"Indoor Gardening","How do you grow plants indoors?",[1508,1631],{"id":1509,"data":1510,"type":25,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":1512,"introPage":1519,"pages":1525},"71ea4d79-1eda-45b4-a898-4188b96493ee",{"type":25,"title":1511},"Indoor basics",{"id":1513,"data":1514,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"5cd6e3f9-6624-4982-86c5-f06a9c87817f",{"type":35,"summary":1515},[1516,1517,1518],"Grow lights provide the full spectrum of light for indoor plants","Humidity trays and extractor fans help maintain the right humidity level","Spider plants, Peace Lilies, and Snake Plants are great choices for indoor gardening",{"id":1520,"data":1521,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"c955c145-6121-4676-a10e-b5c2c1b66e7c",{"type":51,"intro":1522},[1523,1524],"What are the golden rules of indoor gardening?","What are some popular indoor plants?",[1526,1531,1573,1596],{"id":1527,"data":1528,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"f3ec2655-ff20-4493-9e8b-64c9d9714a1c",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1529,"audioMediaId":1530},"One of the main challenges of indoor gardening is providing adequate light. While natural sunlight is the best source of light for plants, it is not always available, especially in urban settings or during the winter months. This can be addressed with the use of grow lights, which can provide the full spectrum of light that plants need to grow.\n\n ![Graph](image://1b77f540-4b71-4d3c-9b1e-1671748fa662 \" \")\n\nPests can also pose a challenge in indoor gardening. Common pests such as spider mites and aphids can infest indoor plants, causing damage and potentially spreading diseases. However, these pests can be managed with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies, which include regular inspection, proper plant care, and the use of organic pesticides if necessary.\n\nMaintaining the right humidity level is another challenge in indoor gardening. Too much humidity can lead to mold growth, while too little can dry out the plants. This can be mitigated with the use of humidity trays (increases humidity) and extractor fans (reduces humidity).\n","c1dc4872-d0fb-492f-be96-cc569200b69f",{"id":1532,"data":1533,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1536},"06e36e7e-7c42-4899-bfe4-97a727c55bfc",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1534,"audioMediaId":1535},"\nChoosing the right plants for your space and light conditions can greatly increase your success in indoor gardening. Some plants require more space or specific temperature conditions, so these factors should also be considered when choosing plants for your indoor garden.\n\nRegularly rotating plants can ensure they receive even light exposure, promoting balanced growth. This is particularly important for plants grown under grow lights, as the light intensity can vary depending on the distance from the light source. By rotating the plants, you can ensure that all sides of the plant receive equal amounts of light.\n\nRegularly cleaning your indoor gardening equipment can help prevent the spread of diseases and pests. This includes cleaning pots and trays between plantings, sterilizing pruning tools, and regularly cleaning grow lights and fans. It’s also important to remove dust from the leaves of your indoor plants using a glove or microfiber cloth.\n\n ![Graph](image://2a6f86a2-3dbf-4536-9777-d8eb6ff63894 \"Indoor gardening on a large scale. Photo by Tima Miroshnichenko from Pexels: https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-checking-on-his-plants-6508839/\")\n","cd0bfe45-85f4-42eb-b6f0-9acb6a63994d",[1537,1555,1562],{"id":1538,"data":1539,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"3fdc31e3-a575-498e-82cf-e768b6b7333a",{"type":65,"reviewType":154,"spacingBehaviour":24,"matchPairsQuestion":1540,"matchPairsPairs":1542,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},[1541],"Match each of these challenges to indoor gardening to a solution.",[1543,1546,1549,1552],{"left":1544,"right":1545,"direction":35},"Low sunlight levels","Grow lights",{"left":1547,"right":1548,"direction":35},"Spider mite infestation","IPM strategies",{"left":1550,"right":1551,"direction":35},"Low humidity levels","Humidity trays",{"left":1553,"right":1554,"direction":35},"High humidity levels","Extractor fans",{"id":1556,"data":1557,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"6196f7ca-7f18-4779-97eb-74d86d1f286f",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":1558,"clozeWords":1560},[1559],"Regularly rotating plants can ensure they receive even light exposure, promoting balanced growth.",[1561],"rotating",{"id":1563,"data":1564,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"5e4dcc8f-a4c6-4ff6-b4b4-b294b092e261",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":1565,"multiChoiceCorrect":1567,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1569,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[1566],"What should you use to remove dust from the leaves of indoor plants?",[1568],"A microfiber cloth",[1570,1571,1572],"A hair dryer","A watering can","A kitchen knife",{"id":1574,"data":1575,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1578},"4f8ea4a0-6994-4620-98ac-557b93ec9564",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1576,"audioMediaId":1577},"\nThe Spider Plant is a popular choice for indoor gardening, primarily due to its air-purifying qualities. This plant is known to absorb toxins from the air, thereby improving indoor air quality. In fact, a study by NASA found that spider plants were able to remove 95% of chemicals from the air within 24 hours. It is also a hardy plant that can thrive in a variety of conditions, making it an ideal choice for novice gardeners.\n\nThe Peace Lily is another common houseplant that is well-suited to indoor conditions. It thrives in low-light conditions, making it a great choice for rooms with little natural light.\n\n ![Graph](image://76762511-b552-49e8-bad9-1dbb0e94762f \"Peace Lily. W.carter, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThe Snake Plant, also known as Mother-in-Law's Tongue, is another common choice for indoor gardening. This plant can survive in a variety of conditions, including low light and dry air, making it a versatile addition to any indoor garden.\n","37cb7803-f004-411c-bb74-c50d05b08011",[1579],{"id":1580,"data":1581,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"f2c82edd-f4d5-4a28-9aa2-d56ec425773d",{"type":65,"reviewType":154,"spacingBehaviour":24,"matchPairsQuestion":1582,"matchPairsPairs":1584,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},[1583],"What are the benefits of each indoor plant?",[1585,1588,1591,1594],{"left":1586,"right":1587,"direction":35},"Spider Plant","Absorb toxins from the air",{"left":1589,"right":1590,"direction":35},"Peace Lily","Thrives in low light conditions",{"left":1592,"right":1593,"direction":35},"Snake Plant","Thrives in low light and dry air",{"left":1307,"right":1595,"direction":35},"You shouldn't grow this one indoors",{"id":1597,"data":1598,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1601},"f1b0cbf2-5468-4b85-888f-acc0ae77db75",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1599,"audioMediaId":1600},"\nIf you go on holiday you should take some steps to keep your indoor plants going strong.\n\n ![Graph](image://402298f5-8555-4e8d-9bef-3bdb301ce3af \"Preparing to go on holiday. Image via Pexels\")\n\nFor short trips of a week or less, you can soak your plants before you leave and they will be just fine when you get back. For longer trips, you can add mulch to your pots to help with water retention or ask a friend to water your plants.\n\nSelf-watering systems with capillary wicks are also popular. One side of the capillary wick is placed in a container of water and the other inside the soil of the plant. The plant will pull water from the container through the wick as needed.\n\nIt’s also important to check your plants for pests and remove any dead or damaged foliage. Your plant should be in good condition before you leave. But maybe skip using fertilizer before your trip, because if your plant experiences a growth spurt, it will need more water.\n\nYou should also place your plants in the middle of the room, because bright sunlight can cause them to dry out quicker, wilt, or even burn.\n","83887a92-9b54-4ed5-a6b3-017590ead304",[1602,1611,1620],{"id":1603,"data":1604,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"d6edd981-1255-40ab-a30b-afd9c4bbbae3",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":1605,"multiChoiceCorrect":1607,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1609,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[1606],"Before going on holiday, what can you add to your plant pots to help with water retention?",[1608],"Mulch",[1610,864,553],"Coffee",{"id":1612,"data":1613,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"718476b4-d765-4987-b4dc-d7a5afe6c322",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":1614,"binaryCorrect":1616,"binaryIncorrect":1618},[1615],"Should you fertilize your indoor plants before going on holiday?",[1617],"No - growth spurts demand more water",[1619],"Yes - it will keep them healthy while you're gone",{"id":688,"data":1621,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"collapsingSiblings":1622,"multiChoiceQuestion":1623,"multiChoiceCorrect":1625,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1626,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":1627,"matchPairsPairs":1628},[683,686,687],[1624],"Which of these is a use for a capillary wick?",[696],[692,694,695],[90],[1629],{"left":1630,"right":696,"direction":35},"Capillary wick",{"id":1632,"data":1633,"type":25,"version":25,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":1635,"introPage":1642,"pages":1648},"cdecd2c1-ff4d-4a79-a363-2a746740e0ae",{"type":25,"title":1634},"Growing indoor crops",{"id":1636,"data":1637,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"c659034e-89ef-4293-92af-7dd2c476ebb3",{"type":35,"summary":1638},[1639,1640,1641],"Sprouts like alfalfa and mung bean can be grown indoors with just a jar, water, and a breathable cover","Microgreens are young vegetable greens that can be grown indoors on a windowsill or under grow lights","Mushrooms, like Shiitake and Oyster, can also be cultivated indoors",{"id":1643,"data":1644,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"c4b904bd-a97e-4970-b23b-4518d8b39c19",{"type":51,"intro":1645},[1646,1647],"What are the golden rules of indoor crops?","How do indoor crops differ to outdoor ones?",[1649,1671,1693],{"id":1650,"data":1651,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":1654},"09931f97-4340-45d6-ae63-e72c1699343a",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1652,"audioMediaId":1653},"Sprouts, such as alfalfa and mung bean, can be grown indoors with minimal equipment. All that is required is a jar, some water, and a breathable cover.\n\n![Graph](image://8c1ad624-734e-40db-bff4-2791d2d6c2cc \"Indoor sprouts. Image via Pexels\")\n\nThe seeds are soaked in water and then drained, with the jar placed in a location with indirect light. Within a few days, the seeds will begin to sprout, providing a fresh, nutrient-dense food source. The jar should be rinsed and drained twice a day to prevent mold growth.\n\nRegardless of the season, sprouts can be grown and harvested within a week, providing a constant supply of fresh greens. They are a great addition to salads, sandwiches, and stir-fries, adding a crunch and a burst of nutrients.","93a7e992-1ce3-49c0-b276-9949224c87a9",[1655,1662],{"id":1656,"data":1657,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"c2663258-fde3-4387-839c-d956d0b29748",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":1658,"clozeWords":1660},[1659],"If you're growing indoor sprouts, you need to soak the seeds in water, drain them, then leave the jar in indirect sunlight. ",[1661],"drain",{"id":1663,"data":1664,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"29959ca6-785f-4965-86c7-eb2d35497ebb",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":1665,"binaryCorrect":1667,"binaryIncorrect":1669},[1666],"If you're growing indoor sprouts, how often should you drain and rinse the jar?",[1668],"Every two days",[1670],"Every week",{"id":1672,"data":1673,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":1676},"44560e7b-c8a6-4625-9043-244bf2e8ed2f",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1674,"audioMediaId":1675},"Microgreens are young vegetable greens that are harvested just after the first true leaves have developed. They are smaller than baby greens but larger than sprouts, providing a unique texture and flavor to a variety of dishes. They can be grown from a variety of seeds, including radish, kale, and beetroot.\n\n![Graph](image://f4071443-6d02-4b2c-bd53-b3b4ef4d64c2 \"Microgreens. Growshop-Zahradnictvi Olomouc, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nMicrogreens can be grown indoors on a windowsill or under grow lights. They require a shallow tray filled with soil, a sunny spot, and regular watering. The seeds are sown densely and kept moist until they germinate. After a few weeks, when the first true leaves appear, the microgreens are ready to be harvested.\n\nMicrogreens are packed with nutrients and can be used to enhance the flavor and presentation of dishes. They are a great source of vitamins and minerals, and their intense flavors and vibrant colors make them a popular choice for garnishing salads, sandwiches, and other dishes.","6274a6d7-5b89-4207-a2fa-e6fc404a43cb",[1677,1684],{"id":1678,"data":1679,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"c0e74a09-adfe-4fb1-8a17-6bab67216774",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":1680,"clozeWords":1682},[1681],"Microgreens are packed with nutrients and can be used to enhance the flavor and presentation of dishes.",[1683],"nutrients",{"id":1685,"data":1686,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"9430edef-b44b-4ac3-98a8-e9d66f3ea724",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":1687,"activeRecallAnswers":1689},[1688],"What three things do microgreens need?",[1690,1691,1692],"A tray filled with soil","A sunny spot","Regular watering",{"id":1694,"data":1695,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":1698},"2d2762c4-3755-47f6-bb9b-3562fde8e6cb",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1696,"audioMediaId":1697},"Unlike plants, mushrooms do not require sunlight to grow. This makes them particularly well-suited to indoor cultivation. They can be grown in a variety of substrates, including soil, compost, and even coffee grounds, making them a versatile option for indoor growing.\n\nThe Shiitake mushroom is a popular variety for indoor cultivation. Known for its rich flavor and medicinal properties, it is a favorite among both gardeners and chefs. Shiitake mushrooms require specific conditions to grow, including a substrate rich in organic matter and a humid environment, but with the right care, they can be a rewarding addition to any indoor garden.\n\n![Graph](image://a28abbea-2c5d-4803-ae61-9e9f8264daa3 \"Shiitake mushroom. Robin, CC BY-SA 2.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nOyster mushrooms are another variety that can be grown indoors. They can be cultivated on a substrate of coffee grounds or straw, providing a sustainable use for these materials. This not only reduces waste but also provides a nutrient-rich medium for the mushrooms to grow, resulting in a bountiful harvest.","75bdbc00-db6c-4bb8-8565-5d1656133614",[1699,1710,1716],{"id":1700,"data":1701,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"62877ba7-f8ec-4eff-beb9-7c9e2c8a113c",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":1702,"multiChoiceCorrect":1704,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1706,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[1703],"Which of these do mushrooms not need, but plants do need?",[1705],"Sunlight",[1707,1708,1709],"Water","Nutrients","Silence",{"id":1711,"data":1712,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"a4f41753-4f61-4cd3-a977-9002551d0eeb",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":1713,"activeRecallAnswers":1715},[1714],"What can Oyster mushrooms be cultivated on?",[910],{"id":1717,"data":1718,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"9fd5de00-7298-4ffb-b546-0e29fa183309",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":1719,"binaryCorrect":1721,"binaryIncorrect":1722},[1720],"If you're growing indoor sprouts, how often are you able to harvest?",[1670],[1668],{"id":1724,"data":1725,"type":27,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"orbs":1728},"4238f969-ec80-4bbd-88ce-fa09b1090c82",{"type":27,"title":1726,"tagline":1727},"Advanced Techniques","What are some advanced gardening methods?",[1729,1847],{"id":1730,"data":1731,"type":25,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":1733,"introPage":1741,"pages":1747},"f93d6746-c7db-4a0b-8853-79d5d972025b",{"type":25,"title":1732},"Advanced techniques #1",{"id":1734,"data":1735,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"a4fd2ac5-e0a4-48a0-8007-4205728055b1",{"type":35,"summary":1736},[1737,1738,1739,1740],"Raised Bed Gardening involves planting areas elevated above the ground level","No Dig Gardening creates a nutrient-rich environment for plants by layering organic materials on the soil surface","Hugelkultur is a sustainable gardening technique that involves creating raised beds filled with organic materials","Vertical Gardening allows you to grow plants up surfaces or structures",{"id":1742,"data":1743,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"90f2ea39-a71a-4081-96fb-9ca9aadf5e62",{"type":51,"intro":1744},[1745,1746],"How does companion planting transform a garden?","How does the 'double digging' technique improve soil health?",[1748,1761,1789,1814],{"id":1749,"data":1750,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1753},"782e8c3a-1841-4ac8-85a9-d727d7baaaf4",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1751,"audioMediaId":1752},"If you're a beginner in the world of gardening, it's important to start with the basics. But over time, don't be afraid to experiment with more advanced techniques.\n\nFor example, you might try some Raised Bed Gardening. This technique involves creating planting areas elevated above the ground level. These beds are typically enclosed within frames made of various materials such as wood, stone, or concrete blocks.\n\n ![Graph](image://8c14b181-9f33-4f28-9c71-a6aec965178f \"Raised beds. Srl, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThe soil in raised beds is usually enriched with compost and is higher than the surrounding soil level. This elevated position offers several advantages. For one, it allows for better drainage, preventing waterlogged soil and reducing the risk of root diseases. Additionally, because the soil is not compacted by foot traffic, it tends to be looser and more aerated, which is beneficial for plant roots.\n\nRaised beds offer a number of other benefits. They can improve soil quality, as the contained area makes it easier to manage and amend the soil. The soil is also warmer earlier in the season and stays warmer for longer, extending your growing season.\n","34265460-b529-4868-8e81-4522c4d3ba92",[1754],{"id":1755,"data":1756,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"0aa60598-77b9-45fa-b4a4-d86b03a2ca6e",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":1757,"clozeWords":1759},[1758],"Raised Bed Gardening involves creating planting areas elevated above the ground level.",[1760],"Raised Bed",{"id":1762,"data":1763,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1766},"c9559a70-ae97-411a-9b66-d8b048bf4440",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1764,"audioMediaId":1765},"\nNo Dig Gardening is a unique method that involves layering organic materials on the surface of the soil. This creates a nutrient-rich environment for plants to thrive in. The technique, which was popularized by English horticulturist and author Charles Dowding, involves adding layers of compost, manure, and other organic materials to the soil surface.\n\nThe technique can significantly improve soil structure and biodiversity, leading to healthier and more productive plants. By adding organic matter to the soil, you're not only providing nutrients for your plants but also creating a habitat for beneficial insects and microorganisms.\n\nOne of the main advantages of No Dig Gardening is that it reduces the need for heavy digging and tilling. This makes it a less labor-intensive method of gardening. Moreover, by avoiding digging, you're also preserving the soil structure and preventing the disruption of beneficial soil organisms.\n","1ebe3607-d055-4aae-b6d5-6cde665d8ff4",[1767,1778],{"id":1768,"data":1769,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"e546db15-c6f4-43ce-8f50-893b5ef7d50b",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":1770,"multiChoiceCorrect":1772,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1774,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[1771],"A method that involves layering organic materials on the surface of the soil is known as:",[1773],"No Dig Gardening",[1775,1776,1777],"Compost Gardening","No Look Gardening","Mulch Gardening",{"id":1779,"data":1780,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"4ec318ac-a6ab-463c-9335-fb611b5f918b",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":1781,"multiChoiceCorrect":1783,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1785,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[1782],"Which of these statements about No Dig Gardening is false?",[1784],"It's more labor intensive",[1786,1787,1788],"It creates a habitat for beneficial insects","It preserves soil structure","It doesn't disrupt soil organisms",{"id":1790,"data":1791,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1794},"7d440de5-a630-4f9a-b339-161eea7b1c41",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1792,"audioMediaId":1793},"\nHugelkultur is a unique gardening technique that involves creating raised beds filled with organic materials like logs, branches, leaves, and compost.\n\n ![Graph](image://3d19a171-eb77-4384-a762-ba967e6c1c1f \"Hugelkultur. Daderot, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThis method, popularized by farmer, author, and international consultant for natural agriculture Sepp Holzer, is a form of composting in place, where the decomposing wood provides a long-term source of nutrients for plants. Choose a sunny spot for your hugelkultur bed. The location should receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day.\n\nThe benefits of Hugelkultur are numerous. The rotting wood improves soil fertility by slowly releasing nutrients into the soil. It also aids in water retention, reducing the need for frequent watering. Additionally, as the wood decomposes, it generates heat, which can extend the growing season in cooler climates.\n\nHugelkultur beds are not only productive but also sustainable. They can last for years, even decades, with minimal maintenance. This makes Hugelkultur a long-term gardening solution that's ideal for those seeking a low-maintenance, sustainable gardening method.\n","0219de11-208a-4352-8243-0c074db682f2",[1795,1805],{"id":1796,"data":1797,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"097a99c4-816d-4072-b05e-049c0c65c8d3",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":1798,"multiChoiceCorrect":1800,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1802,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[1799],"If you're using Hugelkultur, what might you fill your plant beds with?",[1801],"Logs",[1803,1804,564],"Sand","Gravel",{"id":1806,"data":1807,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"1c553323-1c1d-41db-a006-48a9d0bd9c29",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":1808,"activeRecallAnswers":1810},[1809],"What three main benefits are provided by the rotting wood that you might use in a Hugelkultur plant bed?",[1811,1812,1813],"It improves soil fertility","It improves water retention","It generates heat",{"id":1815,"data":1816,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1819},"f0f53d1a-c92a-43fd-81df-f2d3e96976b8",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1817,"audioMediaId":1818},"\nVertical Gardening is a technique that involves growing plants up surfaces or structures, rather than out along the ground. This method can be used to grow a variety of plants, including vegetables, herbs, flowers, and even some types of fruit.\n\n ![Graph](image://6515ef22-6ab0-4cb1-bca9-163ecc417e64 \"Vertical gardening. Rameshng, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nVertical Gardening is particularly useful in urban environments where space is often limited. By growing plants vertically, you can make the most of your available space, turning walls, fences, and even balconies into productive growing areas using trellises, stakes, cages, netting, or other vertical structures. As the plants grow, you can guide them to climb the support structure by gently tying or clipping them in place.\n\nIn addition to saving space, Vertical Gardening can increase yield per square foot and make gardening accessible for those with limited mobility. It also allows for better air circulation around the plants, which can help prevent disease.\n","484634c2-878a-47a2-9516-a47d0637743f",[1820,1831,1838],{"id":1821,"data":1822,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"0966a9ad-7040-4d4d-b096-8b07af95c621",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":1823,"multiChoiceCorrect":1825,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1827,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[1824],"Is Vertical Gardening a good idea in urban environments?",[1826],"Yes - because it needs less space",[1828,1829,1830],"Yes - because it needs less sun","No - because it needs more space","No - because it needs more sun",{"id":1832,"data":1833,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"16c01128-8d7c-4d05-835d-01bee2d8e665",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":1834,"clozeWords":1836},[1835],"As plants grow, you can guide them to climb a vertical structure by gently tying them in place.",[1837],"tying",{"id":1839,"data":1840,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"764a66d6-e0ac-4100-a143-a1a360e974aa",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":1841,"activeRecallAnswers":1843},[1842],"What are the three main benefits of Raised Bed Gardening?",[1844,1845,1846],"Better drainage","Looser soil","Warmer soil",{"id":1848,"data":1849,"type":25,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":1851,"introPage":1858,"pages":1864},"dc163412-0865-4563-8f6f-ae35e6923ca2",{"type":25,"title":1850},"Advanced techniques #2",{"id":1852,"data":1853,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"bc32e0be-f6ad-437b-99d8-a235d990ed01",{"type":35,"summary":1854},[1855,1856,1857],"Hydroponics allows plants to receive precise nutrients directly to their roots","Aquaponics combines aquaculture with hydroponics for sustainable food production","Bonsai is a Japanese art form which lets you cultivate miniature trees",{"id":1859,"data":1860,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"2680ffc7-42b2-4deb-91a3-7c114aa200ca",{"type":51,"intro":1861},[1862,1863],"What are the benefits of hydroponics and aquaponics?","What are bonsai, and how can you grow one?",[1865,1882,1895],{"id":1866,"data":1867,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1870},"2b78a36c-2fda-4acc-b947-febe014b38f7",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1868,"audioMediaId":1869},"Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil, instead using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent. This technique allows plants to receive the exact nutrients they need, delivered directly to their roots.\n\n ![Graph](image://465cccd1-16a7-423f-a055-6f692afa9655 \"Hydroponics. Image via Pexels\")\n\nHydroponics offers several advantages over traditional soil-based gardening. It allows for precise control over the nutrients a plant receives, which can result in higher yields and faster growth. It also uses less water than traditional gardening, as the water in the system can be recirculated.\n\nThere are different types of hydroponic systems, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. In a Deep Water Culture System plants are suspended in a nutrient solution with their roots submerged. Air stones provide oxygen to the roots.\n\nIn a Nutrient Film System, a shallow, sloping channel delivers a thin film of nutrient solution to the plant roots. Excess solution is recirculated. In an Ebb-and-Flow System, the growing tray is periodically flooded with nutrient solution, then drained to allow for oxygen intake.\n","ee1ee68e-a6b1-4885-87c6-e1ae87570172",[1871],{"id":1872,"data":1873,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"b6a3f11e-896a-4fe3-a2cf-f029a5e47f24",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":1874,"multiChoiceCorrect":1876,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1878,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[1875],"In the context of plant growth, what does Hydroponics allow for?",[1877],"Both",[1879,1880,1881],"Precise control over nutrients","Decreased water usage","Neither",{"id":1883,"data":1884,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1887},"411af92e-80ca-4cfb-955b-e6e4b4e934d4",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1885,"audioMediaId":1886},"\nAquaponics is a system that combines conventional aquaculture, which involves raising aquatic animals such as snails, fish, crayfish or prawns in tanks, with hydroponics, which involves cultivating plants in water.\n\n ![Graph](image://0577e245-44ad-4b95-b2cf-c41497b7a6af \"Aquaponics. Ryan Somma, CC BY-SA 2.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nIn an Aquaponics system, the waste produced by the aquatic animals serves a crucial role. This waste, which would otherwise need to be removed to prevent the water from becoming toxic to the animals, is broken down by bacteria into nutrients that the plants can absorb. This process not only cleans the water for the animals but also provides a natural, organic source of fertilizer for the plants.\n\nAquaponics systems are complex and require careful management to maintain the balance between the aquatic animals and the plants. They consist of numerous components that work together in a closed loop system, including the fish tank, a solid waste removal system, a biofilter, and the hydroponic component where the plants are grown.\n\nDespite the complexity, a well-managed aquaponics system can be a highly productive and sustainable method of food production.\n","26603bcb-99b9-4567-8e15-f22396b7f547",[1888],{"id":1889,"data":1890,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"bde25729-bd36-4e7b-bec4-ebd11d04f8f6",{"type":65,"reviewType":28,"spacingBehaviour":24,"clozeQuestion":1891,"clozeWords":1893},[1892],"In an Aquaponics system, the waste produced by aquatic animals is broken down by bacteria into nutrients that plants can absorb.",[1894],"bacteria",{"id":1896,"data":1897,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24,"reviews":1900},"81f00e6e-f3ad-4735-9fa3-fc46e22acdaf",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1898,"audioMediaId":1899},"\nFor indoor gardeners, Bonsai is a traditional Japanese art form that involves cultivating and shaping miniature trees or shrubs in containers to mimic the appearance of full-sized, mature trees in nature. The word \"Bonsai\" itself means \"planted in a container\" in Japanese.\n\n ![Graph](image://b4739349-06b3-4f22-b86a-c2fe136e518f \"Bonsai tree. Puzzly, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nBonsai artists carefully select suitable tree species for their miniature landscapes. Common choices include pine, maple, juniper, and ficus, among others. Bonsai trees are meticulously pruned and shaped to achieve a balanced and natural appearance. Techniques include pinching and trimming to control the growth of branches, leaves, and roots. Wiring is often used to bend branches and create the desired structure.\n\nBonsai is not limited to Japan, and has enthusiasts and practitioners worldwide. Bonsai exhibitions, clubs, and societies exist in many countries, allowing people to share their passion for this captivating art form.\n","c1febeb4-4d48-4c86-8994-c72bbe44ae79",[1901,1908],{"id":1902,"data":1903,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"60bc25d7-950e-4002-ba15-f2066218998f",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":1904,"activeRecallAnswers":1906},[1905],"What is the traditional Japanese art form that involves cultivating and shaping miniature trees?",[1907],"Bonsai",{"id":1909,"data":1910,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"57174436-0587-48e2-99e0-b3b56157658c",{"type":65,"reviewType":154,"spacingBehaviour":24,"matchPairsQuestion":1911,"matchPairsPairs":1913,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},[1912],"Match these different Hydroponic methods with their definitions.",[1914,1917,1920,1923],{"left":1915,"right":1916,"direction":35},"Deep Water Culture System","Roots are suspended in nutrient solution",{"left":1918,"right":1919,"direction":35},"Nutrient Film System","Shallow channel delivers nutrient solution to roots",{"left":1921,"right":1922,"direction":35},"Ebb-and-Flow System","Roots are periodically flooded with nutrient solution",{"left":1924,"right":1925,"direction":35},"Hugelkultur System","Not a type of Hydroponics",{"id":1927,"data":1928,"type":27,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":35,"orbs":1931},"178ea182-1336-417b-b6a9-dc61bc574566",{"type":27,"title":1929,"tagline":1930},"Inspirations","What are some famous gardens?",[1932,2073],{"id":1933,"data":1934,"type":25,"version":25,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":1936,"introPage":1943,"pages":1949},"d8fa34ce-3636-4bf3-a10e-26c49577f708",{"type":25,"title":1935},"Gardens of the past",{"id":1937,"data":1938,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"4f604e35-415a-4724-a2e0-6c0b4069ce63",{"type":35,"summary":1939},[1940,1941,1942],"Greeks and Romans designed gardens with geometric layouts for relaxation","The Gardens of Versailles feature 700 unique topiaries and 400 statues","Native American gardens used sustainable methods like the Three Sisters planting",{"id":1944,"data":1945,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"d3fe200a-7231-41f5-b0db-7f31e487ff6f",{"type":51,"intro":1946},[1947,1948],"What can we learn from ancient gardeners like Romans and Greeks?","What can we learn from other historical gardens around the world?",[1950,1967,1984,2001,2018],{"id":1951,"data":1952,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":1955},"54574a9a-582b-463d-9450-fd17a5214e30",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1953,"audioMediaId":1954},"If you're looking for gardening inspiration, you can look at some historical examples. For example, the Greeks and Romans were famous for their gardens.\n\n![Graph](image://bc50a7aa-839c-4b39-aaaf-d1f1efe5d9a1 \"Roman garden. Carole Raddato from FRANKFURT, Germany, CC BY-SA 2.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nPeristyle gardens were an iconic example: courtyard gardens surrounded by columns and porticoes. They usually featured geometric layouts and were designed for relaxation.\n\nOther gardens designed by the Greeks and Romans followed an axial design, with central pathways leading to focal points like statues, pavilions, or water features.\n\nOften, these gardens had a double purpose: they were designed for beauty, with carefully arranged plants and architectural features, but they also served a practical purpose, such as growing medicinal herbs.","10cbefc4-d264-4097-8241-17ba75fd1452",[1956],{"id":1957,"data":1958,"type":65,"version":25,"maxContentLevel":35},"9c81b0e4-8293-4675-a71f-71cc624a02b4",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":1959,"multiChoiceCorrect":1961,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1963},[1960],"What term refers to the courtyard gardens, surrounded by columns and porticoes, which were popular during Greek and Roman times?",[1962],"Peristyle",[1964,1965,1966],"Grecostyle","Tetrastyle","Ionostyle",{"id":1968,"data":1969,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":1972},"ad8c0d5d-5e2d-47fc-9192-b12a3e19dc42",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1970,"audioMediaId":1971},"During the Renaissance period, botanic gardens started to become popular in Europe. A botanic garden is a curated garden that is dedicated to the study and conservation of plants, often with a focus on scientific research, education, and public engagement.\n\nOne of the first botanic gardens was founded in Padua in 1545. It was dedicated to the growth of medicinal plants, which could be tested and studied in Padua's university. Some of these plants were exotic and valuable, and the garden had to be enclosed by a wall to deter potential thieves.\n\n![Graph](image://25215198-29ae-452f-b8b8-3bfdcebf5911 \" \")\n\nIn the modern world, botanic gardens still contribute to scientific knowledge and the propagation of plant species. There are more than a thousand of these gardens across 148 modern countries, and this number is on the up.","c3555b5d-83e4-4a1a-8bc7-ba56a39ae3f5",[1973],{"id":1974,"data":1975,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"18eec412-f57c-408c-bca9-bc8d96c13599",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":1976,"multiChoiceCorrect":1978,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1980,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[1977],"One of Europe's first botanic gardens was founded at which university in 1545?",[1979],"Padua",[1981,1982,1983],"Oxford","Milan","Cambridge",{"id":1985,"data":1986,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":1989},"e7de64cd-70e0-41cc-8ecd-04e36341cc5e",{"type":24,"markdownContent":1987,"audioMediaId":1988},"As time went on, gardening projects became more and more ambitious. In the 17th century, André Le Nôtre, a French landscape architect, designed the gardens at the Palace of Versailles – a project so grand that it took him approximately 40 years to finish.\n\n![Graph](image://8a442572-2a33-4439-860a-f500c7b93af6 \"Gardens of Versailles. ToucanWings, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThe Gardens of Versailles are home to 700 topiaries – plants or trees that have been trimmed into shapes like spheres, spires and cones. Each shape is unique, and is dictated by the branching pattern of the individual tree. The gardens also house 400 statues, making them the largest open-air sculpture museum in the world.\n\nMaintaining all this takes a lot of effort. The Gardens of Versailles have to be replanted once every 100 years in order to preserve their design.","e8af0761-986f-492f-b63f-4d1de7f3cd25",[1990],{"id":79,"data":1991,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"collapsingSiblings":1992,"multiChoiceQuestion":1993,"multiChoiceCorrect":1995,"multiChoiceIncorrect":1996,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":1997,"matchPairsPairs":1998},[75,78,80],[1994],"Who designed the garden at the Palace of Versailles?",[87],[84,86,88],[90],[1999],{"left":87,"right":2000,"direction":35},"Designed the gardens at Versailles",{"id":2002,"data":2003,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":2006},"7ade8af1-69ff-407b-95e8-e25824aa07c8",{"type":24,"markdownContent":2004,"audioMediaId":2005},"Outside of Europe, Native American gardens were characterized by their sustainable and harmonious approach to agriculture, integrating plants, animals, and natural resources into a holistic system. One of the most well-known Native American gardening practices is the Three Sisters method, which involves planting corn, beans, and squash together.\n\nElsewhere, the Aztecs constructed chinampas, raised fields built on the shallow waters of lakes. These gardens were highly productive, allowing for the cultivation of a wide range of crops, including maize, beans, squash, and chilies.\n\nThe canal system of Xochimilco Ecological Park in Mexico has the most famous present-day chinampas system.\n\n![Graph](image://49517bfb-e2bd-4b1f-8383-24a654ba4565 \"Three sisters planting. Anna Juchnowicz, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0> via Wikimedia Commons\")","17772c2c-d9d7-4e5b-ad34-8761bd528bc3",[2007],{"id":2008,"data":2009,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"6dc8ad98-24f3-46b9-849e-e84f60987ac9",{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"multiChoiceQuestion":2010,"multiChoiceCorrect":2012,"multiChoiceIncorrect":2014,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[2011],"The Aztecs built raised fields on the shallow waters of lakes. But what were these fields called?",[2013],"Chinampas",[2015,2016,2017],"Xochimilco","Three Sisters","Nahuatl",{"id":2019,"data":2020,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":2023},"0944b8ae-66ea-4479-a80e-78c79fdf06a3",{"type":24,"markdownContent":2021,"audioMediaId":2022},"Elsewhere in the world, Japanese gardens can be traced to the Asuka Period (592-710 CE), when Japan was introduced to Buddhism and Chinese culture. The Japanese nobility began to create gardens with features like koi ponds, waterfalls, and carefully arranged stones.\n\n![Graph](image://fcc84bb9-d10b-4971-9b2d-a7afc3f2336b \" \")\n\nA few centuries later, this style evolved into Zen gardens, also known as 'karesansui'. Prominent Zen temples like Ryoan-ji in Kyoto created famous karesansui gardens, known for their minimalist and contemplative design.\n\nMuch later, in the 17th and 18th centuries, stroll gardens (kaiyushiki teien) emerged as a popular style. These gardens had meandering paths, teahouses, and carefully curated views. A famous example can be found at Katsura Imperial Villa in Kyoto.","5b0d074b-1ff2-4157-8285-d60a6cfaeac0",[2024,2035,2046,2057,2066],{"id":225,"data":2025,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"collapsingSiblings":2026,"multiChoiceQuestion":2027,"multiChoiceCorrect":2029,"multiChoiceIncorrect":2030,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":2031,"matchPairsPairs":2032},[220,223,224],[2028],"Approximately how many years did it take André Le Nôtre to finish the gardens at Versailles?",[233],[229,231,232],[90],[2033],{"left":2034,"right":233,"direction":35},"Years taken to finish Versailles",{"id":224,"data":2036,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"collapsingSiblings":2037,"multiChoiceQuestion":2038,"multiChoiceCorrect":2040,"multiChoiceIncorrect":2041,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":2042,"matchPairsPairs":2043},[220,223,225],[2039],"How many topiaries are there at Versailles?",[232],[229,231,233],[90],[2044],{"left":2045,"right":232,"direction":35},"Number of topiaries at Versailles",{"id":282,"data":2047,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"collapsingSiblings":2048,"multiChoiceQuestion":2049,"multiChoiceCorrect":2051,"multiChoiceIncorrect":2052,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":2053,"matchPairsPairs":2054},[281,278,283],[2050],"Where would you find the Ryoan-ji?",[290],[289,287,291],[90],[2055],{"left":290,"right":2056,"direction":35},"Ryoan-ji",{"id":2058,"data":2059,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"75b794b9-e9e1-474c-bbc5-35e765a3c28a",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":2060,"binaryCorrect":2062,"binaryIncorrect":2064},[2061],"What are 'kaiyushiki teien'?",[2063],"Stroll gardens",[2065],"Zen gardens",{"id":2067,"data":2068,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"80faf092-8ac3-4363-8cb1-6cc3b03b93b3",{"type":65,"reviewType":25,"spacingBehaviour":24,"binaryQuestion":2069,"binaryCorrect":2071,"binaryIncorrect":2072},[2070],"What are 'karesansui'?",[2065],[2063],{"id":2074,"data":2075,"type":25,"version":25,"maxContentLevel":35,"summaryPage":2077,"introPage":2084,"pages":2090},"201af95d-0590-470d-81ac-14b619fb26a6",{"type":25,"title":2076},"The rise of modern gardens",{"id":2078,"data":2079,"type":35,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"b79c681a-034d-4f53-8413-66eb21dc00ee",{"type":35,"summary":2080},[2081,2082,2083],"Capability Brown revolutionized garden design with his naturalistic style","Modern gardens often incorporate technology for efficiency and sustainability","Gardens by the Bay in Singapore showcases modern garden innovation",{"id":2085,"data":2086,"type":51,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":24},"f736f402-81e9-464e-9a00-a6e11aee4718",{"type":51,"intro":2087},[2088,2089],"What can we learn from iconic gardeners like Capability Brown?","What can we learn from modern gardens around the world?",[2091,2108,2140],{"id":2092,"data":2093,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":2096},"1a71605d-c118-4492-8c19-e15bd86dcd00",{"type":24,"markdownContent":2094,"audioMediaId":2095},"Capability Brown, an English landscape architect, revolutionized garden design in the 18th and 19th centuries with his naturalistic style. Often referred to as the “father of landscape architecture”, Brown's designs marked a significant departure from the formal, geometric gardens of the past.\n\nHe aimed to create landscapes that mimicked the beauty of the natural world, with rolling hills, meandering water features, and seemingly effortless compositions. He designed landscapes that seamlessly integrated buildings, lakes, trees, and other elements to create a unified and picturesque whole.\n\n![Graph](image://9acfb2ec-d5cf-4004-a065-f637348eada9 \"Garden designed by Capability Brown. Nicolas Vergnaud, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nBrown was known for his skillful manipulation of water features, including lakes, rivers, and ponds. He reshaped existing water bodies and created new ones to enhance the visual appeal and natural flow of the landscape.","2002aa33-3ad9-47ac-b08d-f972c7b5902d",[2097],{"id":80,"data":2098,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"collapsingSiblings":2099,"multiChoiceQuestion":2100,"multiChoiceCorrect":2102,"multiChoiceIncorrect":2103,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":2104,"matchPairsPairs":2105},[75,78,79],[2101],"In the 18th century, who started to create landscapes that mimicked the natural world?",[88],[84,86,87],[90],[2106],{"left":88,"right":2107,"direction":35},"Pushed for more naturalistic gardens",{"id":2109,"data":2110,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":2113},"2995094e-eada-43f9-bbea-b83bc49d7e9e",{"type":24,"markdownContent":2111,"audioMediaId":2112},"The Victorian era (19th century) saw the rise of conservatories — grand glass structures that allowed people to cultivate exotic plants. These structures were not just functional spaces for plant cultivation, but also served as symbols of status, luxury, and horticultural innovation.\n\nMany conservatories were associated with botanical gardens and institutions, serving as educational spaces for plant enthusiasts, scientists, and researchers.\n\n![Graph](image://6c6ed307-a58a-4426-a841-8e32a9ec0828 \" \")\n\nVictorian conservatories were often designed to reflect the architectural style of the main house. They featured ornate details and large glass windows, creating a sense of grandeur and elegance.\n\nSome of the most famous examples of Victorian conservatories include the Crystal Palace in London, built for the Great Exhibition of 1851, and the Kew Palm House at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.","5fa86931-dfd2-4df4-9647-2ea07957ca3c",[2114,2122],{"id":2115,"data":2116,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"a81794cf-6189-45d1-af07-4a75c816cdf3",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":2117,"activeRecallAnswers":2119},[2118],"What are two famous examples of Victorian conservatories?",[2120,2121],"Crystal Palace","Kew Palm House",{"id":2123,"data":2124,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"da135fe1-2e66-4bfb-a607-10b448b034db",{"type":65,"reviewType":154,"spacingBehaviour":24,"matchPairsQuestion":2125,"matchPairsPairs":2127,"matchPairsShowExamples":6},[2126],"Where would you find each one of these famous gardens?",[2128,2131,2134,2137],{"left":2129,"right":2130,"direction":35},"Gardens by the Bay","Singapore",{"left":2132,"right":2133,"direction":35},"Katsura Imperial Villa","Japan",{"left":2135,"right":2136,"direction":35},"Gardens of Versailles","France",{"left":2138,"right":2139,"direction":35},"Xochimilco Ecological Park","Mexico",{"id":2141,"data":2142,"type":24,"maxContentLevel":35,"version":25,"reviews":2145},"f357a3a2-6954-4440-a236-cd30b3039adf",{"type":24,"markdownContent":2143,"audioMediaId":2144},"Modern gardening practices often incorporate technology to enhance efficiency and productivity. Automated irrigation systems, for example, allow for precise water management, while digital plant identification tools provide valuable information to help gardeners care for their plants.\n\nModern garden trends reflect a balance between nature and technology, sustainability and aesthetics, and the desire to create spaces that enhance well-being and environmental stewardship.\n\nGardens by the Bay in Singapore is a great example of modern garden innovation. Its Flower Dome is the largest greenhouse in the world.\n\n![Graph](image://1080ecf8-993c-45db-9619-44ee2a4be13a \"Gardens by the Bay. Balon Greyjoy, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nWherever you draw your inspiration from, remember this: with so many different options, from all over the world, there's never been a more exciting time to grow yourself a garden. Now that you've reached the end of this pathway, it's time to go away and put this theory into practice.","640d733b-fbe8-4379-9cdf-71924d688e03",[2146,2156],{"id":283,"data":2147,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},{"type":65,"reviewType":35,"spacingBehaviour":24,"collapsingSiblings":2148,"multiChoiceQuestion":2149,"multiChoiceCorrect":2151,"multiChoiceIncorrect":2152,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":2153,"matchPairsPairs":2154},[281,278,282],[2150],"Where would you find the Crystal Palace?",[291],[289,287,290],[90],[2155],{"left":291,"right":2120,"direction":35},{"id":2157,"data":2158,"type":65,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":35},"85d59fd4-3c8c-4604-8317-fb920e0e4a13",{"type":65,"reviewType":24,"spacingBehaviour":24,"activeRecallQuestion":2159,"activeRecallAnswers":2161},[2160],"What is the name of the largest greenhouse in the world, located in Singapore's Gardens by the Bay?",[2162],"The Flower Dome",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":2164,"height":2164,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":2165},24,"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"m9 18l6-6l-6-6\"/>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":2164,"height":2164,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":2167},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12.586 2.586A2 2 0 0 0 11.172 2H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v7.172a2 2 0 0 0 .586 1.414l8.704 8.704a2.426 2.426 0 0 0 3.42 0l6.58-6.58a2.426 2.426 0 0 0 0-3.42z\"/>\u003Ccircle cx=\"7.5\" cy=\"7.5\" r=\".5\" fill=\"currentColor\"/>\u003C/g>",1778179478168]