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1.41783L252.467 2.47876L251.45 2.3637L251.707 0.60165C252.118 0.401088 252.563 0.253475 253.041 0.15797C253.519 0.0529708 253.958 1.99446e-05 254.359 0Z\"\n    fill=\"currentColor\" />\u003C/g>",{"tile":13,"orbsWithOnlyMarkdownPages":413},{"id":14,"data":15,"type":16,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":19,"orbs":20},"8760aa70-45f0-4451-9787-5af7cbca4766",{"type":16,"title":17,"tagline":18},9,"The Mona Lisa and Later Works","Learn why this mysterious painting has proven so universally captivating",3,[21,165,268],{"id":22,"data":23,"type":24,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":19,"summaryPage":26,"introPage":35,"pages":42},"ee1f7330-c257-4c27-aaa6-3fd0f9d58f00",{"type":24,"title":25},2,"Context of the Mona Lisa",{"id":27,"data":28,"type":19,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":34},"3b73041e-7df1-4385-9535-c1494c39cdbe",{"type":19,"summary":29},[30,31,32,33],"In 1499, French forces captured Milan, forcing Leonardo to leave","Leonardo started the Mona Lisa in Florence around 1503","The Mona Lisa was possibly a commission for Lisa Gherardini","Leonardo worked on the Mona Lisa until 1519, showing his perfectionism",1,{"id":36,"data":37,"type":38,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":34},"6a0d8eaa-78a5-442c-afe0-1a9fd4944d97",{"type":38,"intro":39},10,[40,41],"What political shift forced Leonardo to leave Milan in 1499?","How did Florence's political climate influence the creation of Mona Lisa?",[43,76,152],{"id":44,"data":45,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":48},"1eea55ad-6b7a-4bd9-b6a3-ba75e17dbe5f",{"type":34,"markdownContent":46,"audioMediaId":47},"In 1499, a significant political shift occurred in Milan, which directly affected Leonardo da Vinci's position and safety in the city. Duke Ludovico Sforza, Leonardo's primary patron, faced a military invasion by the French.\n\nThe French forces, led by King Louis XII, wanted to lay claim to the Duchy of Milan based on Louis XII's assertion of his descent from the Visconti family, which had earlier ruled Milan.\n\n![Graph](image://5e80e2ba-78c9-49dc-9e23-fd89592a2307 \"Duke Ludovico Sforza. Image: Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nLudovico Sforza tried to resist, but by the end of 1499, Milan was captured by French forces, and Ludovico was taken prisoner in France, where he died in captivity.","d59721b7-a88c-498c-adab-0f70b9a922cc",[49,61,68],{"id":50,"data":51,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"d7db24cd-2b80-4140-a964-68a4ff8924ca",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":34,"multiChoiceQuestion":53,"multiChoiceCorrect":55,"multiChoiceIncorrect":57,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},11,[54],"What happened to Ludovico Sforza by the end of 1499?",[56],"He was taken prisoner in France",[58,59,60],"He escaped to Florence","He joined the French forces","He successfully defended Milan",{"id":62,"data":63,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"cf037af7-01c2-4641-a468-6616f87386bb",{"type":52,"reviewType":34,"spacingBehaviour":34,"activeRecallQuestion":64,"activeRecallAnswers":66},[65],"Why did the French forces want to lay claim to the Duchy of Milan?",[67],"King Louis XII of France claimed descent from the royal Milanese Visconti family",{"id":69,"data":70,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"5099026c-77c4-45c7-8520-9544b6565f72",{"type":52,"reviewType":71,"spacingBehaviour":34,"clozeQuestion":72,"clozeWords":74},4,[73],"In 1499, Leonardo da Vinci decided to leave Milan due to a significant political shift.",[75],"1499",{"id":77,"data":78,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":81},"6e488802-0ba6-4c18-8237-5859c02fb9cf",{"type":34,"markdownContent":79,"audioMediaId":80},"Given Leonardo's close association with the Sforza court, the fall of the Duke and the consequent shift in power made Milan a less hospitable place for the artist, and Leonardo decided to leave Milan for a period of travel in Italy, including his native Florence in 1500.\n\nDuring this time, Florence was undergoing its own set of changes, having transitioned from the rule of the Medici family to the Republic after the expulsion of Piero de' Medici in 1494.\n\nIn this Florentine setting, around 1503, Leonardo began work on the portrait of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Florentine silk merchant Francesco del Giocondo, which we today know as the 'Mona Lisa' or 'La Gioconda.'\n\nIt was possibly a commission, though we do not know this for certain.\n\n![Graph](image://23bbd80b-553c-4568-8d3d-1475c80c547f \"The Mona Lisa. Image: Leonardo da Vinci, Public Domain via Wikimedia commons\")","8554977e-4a5c-4114-92bf-c29906a06c16",[82,93,113,133],{"id":83,"data":84,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"efe5896b-0a92-4d2c-a6ef-4cc795bf641a",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":34,"multiChoiceQuestion":85,"multiChoiceCorrect":87,"multiChoiceIncorrect":89,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[86],"Where and when did Leonardo begin work on the portrait of Lisa Gherardini, known as the 'Mona Lisa' or 'La Gioconda'?",[88],"Florence, around 1503",[90,91,92],"Rome, around 1508","Florence, around 1513","Milan, around 1493",{"id":94,"data":95,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"aad080e3-b919-4197-9ef9-195a4c2caf06",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":34,"collapsingSiblings":96,"multiChoiceQuestion":100,"multiChoiceCorrect":102,"multiChoiceIncorrect":104,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"orderAxisType":34,"orderQuestion":108,"orderItems":110},[97,98,99],"0c629062-ee0e-4c53-b718-fbc232fda298","686e5856-c4c7-4265-ba9a-8efa1150cd70","4394f83a-7e63-4250-885b-acd6456d9fd6",[101],"In which year did Leonardo move to Florence?",[103],"1500",[105,106,107],"1440","1453","1482",[109],"Put the following in order:",[111],{"label":112,"reveal":103,"sortOrder":19},"Leonardo moved to Florence",{"id":114,"data":115,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"8fe193d7-cb9a-4030-818e-42056144c047",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":34,"collapsingSiblings":116,"multiChoiceQuestion":120,"multiChoiceCorrect":122,"multiChoiceIncorrect":124,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":128,"matchPairsPairs":130},[117,118,119],"976d5e1a-4dda-426a-a8b4-381040fe048e","edcdfc9f-2fc5-4643-8ada-f4e4a641160d","7d44e5e4-d8eb-4e66-b116-9cd79a1f80f9",[121],"Who was the Florentine silk merchant who possibly commissioned the Mona Lisa?",[123],"Francesco del Giocondo",[125,126,127],"Vitruvius","Pompeo Leoni","Verrocchio",[129],"Match the pairs below:",[131],{"left":123,"right":132,"direction":19},"Florentine silk merchant. Possibly commissioned the Mona Lisa",{"id":134,"data":135,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"a8c48898-e5a7-4ecb-85d8-1b3632b8a5c5",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":34,"collapsingSiblings":136,"multiChoiceQuestion":140,"multiChoiceCorrect":142,"multiChoiceIncorrect":144,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":148,"matchPairsPairs":149},[137,138,139],"d8dc77cb-005e-4c0f-9392-4a868e72e142","70653859-4c39-4855-ac02-ccca16483933","0b920f9d-5a19-4fe3-b5fe-cb0f4545db32",[141],"Who was the model for the Mona Lisa?",[143],"Lisa Gherardini",[145,146,147],"Cecilia Gallerani","Anne of Brittany","Dianne Modestini",[129],[150],{"left":143,"right":151,"direction":19},"Posed for the Mona Lisa",{"id":153,"data":154,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":157},"2f105ad9-f443-497a-9eb4-2e056fe27ea5",{"type":34,"markdownContent":155,"audioMediaId":156},"This period in Florence was particularly fruitful for Leonardo artistically, with him undertaking several significant works, the 'Mona Lisa' being the most iconic among them.\n\nIt’s generally believed that Leonardo painted the “Mona Lisa” or “La Gioconda” between 1503 and 1506, but that he continued to refine it intermittently until as late as 1519.\n\nThis extended period of work on a single painting is indicative of Leonardo's meticulous character and his relentless pursuit of perfection.\n\nIt also suggests that the Mona Lisa was a project of great personal significance to him, one that he was unwilling to rush or compromise on, casting some degree of doubt over its status as a mere commission.","84052281-d058-43c0-84f8-c441800067d4",[158],{"id":159,"data":160,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"ee069ec7-e031-475b-a8a7-ecb446d41dc2",{"type":52,"reviewType":34,"spacingBehaviour":34,"activeRecallQuestion":161,"activeRecallAnswers":163},[162],"What is the name of the portrait featuring Lisa Gherardini, wife of a Florentine silk merchant?",[164],"Mona Lisa or La Gioconda",{"id":166,"data":167,"type":24,"version":19,"maxContentLevel":19,"summaryPage":169,"introPage":177,"pages":183},"de01f83c-d277-467a-8648-8bfd1af6308b",{"type":24,"title":168},"Artistic Features of the Mona Lisa",{"id":170,"data":171,"type":19,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":34},"67c9262c-39d5-49e8-87d4-f09b93026d51",{"type":19,"summary":172},[173,174,175,176],"The Mona Lisa is a half-length portrait, which was unusual for its time","The natural landscape in the background uses atmospheric perspective to create depth","The Mona Lisa's smile appears to change when viewed from different angles","The eyes of the Mona Lisa use sfumato to create a lifelike, mysterious effect",{"id":178,"data":179,"type":38,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":34},"81cd17df-a44e-4f91-af44-6ad055ec7139",{"type":38,"intro":180},[181,182],"How does the half-length format enhance Mona Lisa's personality?","What role does the landscape play in the Mona Lisa's half-length format?",[184,201,225,238,255],{"id":185,"data":186,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":189},"a8998846-c747-4ab1-a337-06ff8553f17d",{"type":34,"markdownContent":187,"audioMediaId":188},"The Mona Lisa is unusual in several respects, but one of the most obvious differences is the format of the painting: the Mona Lisa is a half-length portrait.\n\nThis was unusual for the time, as most portraits were either full-length or busts. It was not unheard of for Leonardo, however. The 'Lady with an Ermine,' is another prominent example of this format in his work.\n\nBy depicting Lisa del Giocondo from the waist up, Leonardo was able to convey her personality and presence more vividly. The half-length format allowed him to depict her hands and the intricate folds of her dress.\n\n![Graph](image://43238aec-063d-4faf-94c5-95f8b034f88f \"The Mona Lisa's Hands. Image: Leonardo da Vinci, Public Domain via Wikimedia commons\")\n\nDespite its fuller view of Lisa Gherardini, when visitors first see the 'Mona Lisa' at the Louvre Museum in Paris, many are surprised by its overall small size, especially when juxtaposed against its large frame, as well as the vast crowds that typically gather around it.\n\nThe painting measures just 77 cm in height and 53 cm in width (about 30 x 20.9 inches).\n\n![Graph](image://33b1b9ec-afb4-468e-8378-4e665ae313d9 \"Visitors of Louvre looking at Mona Lisa. Image: Armand, CC BY 2.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\")","c5895c15-b83d-43fa-afde-224ca4640898",[190],{"id":191,"data":192,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"b4511c1f-b523-4a13-85e8-4e1785f5fb00",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":34,"multiChoiceQuestion":193,"multiChoiceCorrect":195,"multiChoiceIncorrect":197,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[194],"What is unusual about the format of the Mona Lisa painting?",[196],"It is a half-length portrait",[198,199,200],"It is a full-length portrait","It is a bust","It features a landscape behind",{"id":202,"data":203,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":19,"reviews":206},"b88ebb09-ed48-498e-b29f-489a9fb04716",{"type":34,"markdownContent":204,"audioMediaId":205},"The natural landscape in the background of the Mona Lisa is an important element of the painting, often overlooked. However, closer examination reveals a plethora of detail and a deep appreciation for the natural world. The landscape is rendered in impressive detail, incorporating mountains, water, and winding paths. It does a wonderful job of enhancing the presence of the subject, providing a backdrop against which she stands out.\n\n![Graph](image://240c5bcc-bc13-4d51-b15a-dec515c98485 \"Natural landscape in the background on the left side of the Mona Lisa. Image: Leonardo da Vinci, Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThe natural background also demonstrates Leonardo's mastery of “atmospheric perspective”, a technique that involves creating the illusion of depth by subtly changing the color and clarity of objects as they recede into the distance. This technique contributes to the overall sense of realism and depth in the painting, making the landscape seem like a tangible, three-dimensional space.","ca7bcdb0-0b16-4ac9-8f9e-bb2d03657ebc",[207,218],{"id":208,"data":209,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"c8ef5df6-7b67-4ee9-8868-78de6d87df38",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":34,"multiChoiceQuestion":210,"multiChoiceCorrect":212,"multiChoiceIncorrect":214,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[211],"What does the landscape in the Mona Lisa painting incorporate?",[213],"Mountains, water, and winding paths",[215,216,217],"Desert, oasis, and straight roads","Roman ruins, rivers, and highways","Forest, lakes, and trails",{"id":219,"data":220,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"dce15045-d5be-42bb-b8ee-fc5298c8228b",{"type":52,"reviewType":34,"spacingBehaviour":34,"activeRecallQuestion":221,"activeRecallAnswers":223},[222],"What technique did Leonardo use in the Mona Lisa to create the illusion of depth and realism in the landscape?",[224],"Atmospheric perspective",{"id":226,"data":227,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":230},"b955804d-570e-4488-a67e-c33dbaedddc1",{"type":34,"markdownContent":228,"audioMediaId":229},"The Mona Lisa's smile is one of the most discussed and analyzed aspects of the painting. It has intrigued viewers for centuries and has sparked much debate and speculation.\n\n![Graph](image://240b5eb0-de83-4b00-aaa5-e9d989b3f2ef \"The Mona Lisa's Mysterious Smile. Image: Leonardo da Vinci via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nMany viewers believe that the Mona Lisa’s expression appears to change when observed from different angles. From some perspectives, she appears to be simply smiling, while from others, her expression seems more neutral or sullen. Some believe it reflects Leonardo's understanding of human psychology, while others see it as a clever artistic trick designed to engage the viewer.","00f443dd-7f9a-41be-8108-16eb43482631",[231],{"id":232,"data":233,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"5ad3a5a8-44fb-41d5-9e2d-c6b6e7fc773d",{"type":52,"reviewType":34,"spacingBehaviour":34,"activeRecallQuestion":234,"activeRecallAnswers":236},[235],"What do many viewers believe about the Mona Lisa’s expression?",[237],"It appears to change when observed from different angles",{"id":239,"data":240,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":19,"reviews":243},"24d46c59-297b-4056-9f38-d7ccec453de4",{"type":34,"markdownContent":241,"audioMediaId":242},"The eyes of the Mona Lisa are renowned for being remarkably lifelike, mysterious and expressive, and an excellent example of sfumato at its best.\n\n![Graph](image://ac0186e2-683d-4e50-b389-19df611ac0f5 \"The eyes of Mona Lisa. Image: Leonardo da Vinci via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThis technique allowed him to capture the subtle play of light on the eyeballs as well as the surrounding skin. It also contributed to their sense of transparency and depth, resembling real eyes and even making them appear to follow the viewer as they move around the room.\n\nHe also managed to add a touch of luminosity and realism to the eyes by adding a small, bright highlight in the center of the iris.","82c2c547-a879-4a0c-a5e7-000ff697cba8",[244],{"id":245,"data":246,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"1aa7dde0-bb5d-4e31-9f88-b25ccb28c813",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":34,"multiChoiceQuestion":247,"multiChoiceCorrect":249,"multiChoiceIncorrect":251,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[248],"What technique did Leonardo use to create the soft tonal transitions around the eyes of the Mona Lisa?",[250],"Sfumato",[252,253,254],"Chiaroscuro","Impasto","Tenebrism",{"id":256,"data":257,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":260},"f1ad92d4-18f5-43c3-9697-f088ac8e825f",{"type":34,"markdownContent":258,"audioMediaId":259},"Initially, the Mona Lisa was admired primarily by artists and scholars as part of Leonardo’s relatively small collection of surviving artwork. However, its high-profile theft from the Louvre in 1911 and subsequent return to the Louvre brought it to the attention of the general public.\n\nThis event, which was widely reported in the media, transformed the Mona Lisa from a respected work of art into a cultural phenomenon.\n\n![Graph](image://3e65e110-0fc8-41d9-85a2-f8f428bd97ea \"Courtyard in the Louvre. Image: Benh LIEU SONG, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nOver time, the Mona Lisa has become a symbol of high culture and is often used in popular culture to represent art itself. It has been reproduced, parodied, and referenced in countless ways, from advertisements to movies to internet memes.","6675c77c-b834-491c-aa76-ade445b329ee",[261],{"id":262,"data":263,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"e6b59a27-07ec-48b3-bcad-ab91aaf0885f",{"type":52,"reviewType":34,"spacingBehaviour":34,"activeRecallQuestion":264,"activeRecallAnswers":266},[265],"What event in 1911 transformed the Mona Lisa from a respected work of art into a cultural phenomenon?",[267],"Its high-profile theft from the Louvre and subsequent return",{"id":269,"data":270,"type":24,"version":19,"maxContentLevel":19,"summaryPage":272,"introPage":280,"pages":286},"ef3fcba4-1701-4ad6-bb93-1c20f5e0148e",{"type":24,"title":271},"Leonardo's Other Works",{"id":273,"data":274,"type":19,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":34},"fb25c58c-2c20-49aa-ac48-de30393e952a",{"type":19,"summary":275},[276,277,278,279],"La Scapigliata is an unfinished Leonardo da Vinci painting of a woman with disheveled hair","Leda and the Swan is a lost Leonardo work, known through copies and sketches","Saint John the Baptist, painted by Leonardo, is in the Louvre and features his sfumato technique","Leonardo moved to France in 1516, invited by King Francis I, and took the Mona Lisa with him",{"id":281,"data":282,"type":38,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":34},"916a895e-2a1e-49e2-b100-8d7efb7cc57f",{"type":38,"intro":283},[284,285],"What does 'La Scapigliata' translate to in English?","Which lost artwork of Leonardo depicted a mythological tale?",[287,315,335,350],{"id":288,"data":289,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":292},"ac7973eb-84a1-4990-8a20-ddab01408a68",{"type":34,"markdownContent":290,"audioMediaId":291},"Other notable works of Da Vinci date to the period in which the artist was known to be working on the Mona Lisa.\n\n'The Head of a Woman' (often referred to as 'La Scapigliata\") is an unfinished artwork by Leonardo da Vinci, created around 1508.\n\n![Graph](image://d97e4f5d-dc6b-4790-b623-ba6cd6c62b01 \"The Head of a Woman/ La Scapigliata. Image: Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThis delicate piece, executed using oil on wood, is renowned for its intimate portrayal of a young woman with disheveled hair, which lends the work its name 'La Scapigliata,' translating to 'disheveled' in Italian.\n\nMeasuring 24.7 cm x 21 cm, 'La Scapigliata' is characterized by soft, smoky gradations. The painting can be seen as a study or experiment in naturalism. The tousled hair, delicate features, and incomplete nature of the work suggest spontaneity and keen observation.\n\nPresently, it is housed in the Galleria Nazionale di Parma, Italy.","52738c59-5372-44ec-ab82-411ec7157908",[293,304],{"id":294,"data":295,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"3714ce21-20a0-4035-b5a3-c63a130dc450",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":34,"multiChoiceQuestion":296,"multiChoiceCorrect":298,"multiChoiceIncorrect":300,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[297],"What is the name of the unfinished artwork by Leonardo da Vinci created around 1508?",[299],"The Head of a Woman or \"La Scapigliata\"",[301,302,303],"The Last Supper","Vitruvian Man","Annunciation",{"id":305,"data":306,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"643f0243-3c49-42ef-a68f-140cf003303c",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":34,"multiChoiceQuestion":307,"multiChoiceCorrect":309,"multiChoiceIncorrect":311,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[308],"What does \"La Scapigliata\" translate to in Italian?",[310],"Disheveled",[312,313,314],"Beautiful","Mysterious","Young Woman",{"id":316,"data":317,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":320},"a0aedaf5-0b7c-4fd1-999d-a67fb7e9571f",{"type":34,"markdownContent":318,"audioMediaId":319},"Leda and the Swan' is a lost work by Leonardo da Vinci, believed to have been created between 1503 and 1506. Based on the mythological tale, the artwork depicted the seduction of Leda, the queen of Sparta, by Zeus, who took the form of a swan.\n\n![Graph](image://f40317d1-8184-46eb-8410-6e0ba0291596 \"Leda and the Swan copy. Image: Cesare da Sesto via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nWhile no original versions survive, its significance is underlined by the numerous copies and sketches made by other artists of the time, preserving its composition and details.\n\nIt's known that Leonardo represented Leda in a standing position, tenderly embracing the swan with an accompanying backdrop of nature, emphasizing themes of fertility and union.\n\nLeonardo's constant experimentation with materials and techniques, leading to the instability of some pieces, might have contributed to the work's eventual deterioration and loss.","7179be35-98d7-4a04-b3bc-8011c085491d",[321,328],{"id":322,"data":323,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"25a20e21-1aab-48ed-9e04-bf45d0d2ebfd",{"type":52,"reviewType":71,"spacingBehaviour":34,"clozeQuestion":324,"clozeWords":326},[325],"Leda and the Swan is a lost work by Leonardo da Vinci, believed to have been created between 1503 and 1506.",[327],"Leda and the Swan",{"id":329,"data":330,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"174a92ae-281a-426e-b0c3-46ad4f73d7e2",{"type":52,"reviewType":34,"spacingBehaviour":34,"activeRecallQuestion":331,"activeRecallAnswers":333},[332],"What is the theme of 'Leda and the Swan'?",[334],"The seduction of Leda, the queen of Sparta, by Zeus, who took the form of a swan",{"id":336,"data":337,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":340},"e6266f5e-11e4-4cc4-b6fb-13e8d63613ae",{"type":34,"markdownContent":338,"audioMediaId":339},"'Saint John the Baptist' is one of Leonardo da Vinci's later works, believed to have been painted between 1513 and 1516. Currently, 'Saint John the Baptist' is housed in the Louvre Museum in Paris.\n\nThe artwork portrays a youthful Saint John in isolation, depicted with Leonardo's characteristic sfumato technique, where sharp outlines are eschewed in favor of soft, smoky transitions.\n\nIn the dim light, Saint John gestures upward with one hand, while holding a cross made of reeds in the other, symbolizing his role in baptizing Jesus and foretelling Christ's crucifixion. His enigmatic smile and direct gaze have drawn comparisons with the 'Mona Lisa.'\n\n![Graph](image://df5b73c1-98ee-4010-af73-b73e0f43a5df \"Saint John the Baptist. Image: Leonardo da Vinci via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nCreated during the last years of Leonardo's life, the painting reflects the culmination of his artistic evolution, showcasing a mature application of his techniques and a deep understanding of human form and emotion.\n\nMoreover, the androgynous depiction of Saint John, with his long curls and soft features, is a testament to Leonardo's interest in blurring the lines between masculinity and femininity, a theme seen in other works as well.","f69a7ecf-4197-4d50-b2ff-c48366016305",[341],{"id":342,"data":343,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"d43154c1-5090-4d6f-9423-b5f580a159a5",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":34,"multiChoiceQuestion":344,"multiChoiceCorrect":346,"multiChoiceIncorrect":348,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[345],"Which other artwork by Leonardo da Vinci is 'Saint John the Baptist' often compared to due to the expression, gaze, and sfumato?",[347],"Mona Lisa",[301,302,349],"Lady with an Ermine",{"id":351,"data":352,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":19,"reviews":355},"09970eb5-b814-48c3-8318-99e0f1b88c23",{"type":34,"markdownContent":353,"audioMediaId":354},"Leonardo spent the last years of his life in France, having been invited by King Francis I. He moved to the Château du Clos Lucé in Amboise, which is located in the Loire Valley, in 1516.\n\n![Graph](image://c06490e3-e176-406c-a922-1ee16a505692 \"King Francis I. Image: Jean Clouet via Wikimedia Commons\")\n\nThis invitation from Francis I was a testament to the high regard in which he was held, not just as a painter but as an all-around intellectual and innovator.\n\nLeonardo is believed to have taken several of his paintings, including the 'Mona Lisa,' with him when he moved to France. Upon his death in 1519, his apprentice and companion, Francesco Melzi, inherited his artistic and scientific collections.\n\nThe 'Mona Lisa' was eventually acquired by King Francis I and has remained in France ever since. Today, it is housed in the Louvre Museum in Paris.","faf73105-1e94-4f39-a491-42d8eb164f94",[356,376,387,394],{"id":357,"data":358,"type":52,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":19},"ac82cd33-bf63-4be1-a832-e071952e26e6",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":34,"collapsingSiblings":359,"multiChoiceQuestion":363,"multiChoiceCorrect":365,"multiChoiceIncorrect":367,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"matchPairsQuestion":371,"matchPairsPairs":372},[360,361,362],"8ad839a4-2202-41de-9ec9-65cd03a451f0","3875709e-9660-47f9-a3cf-dfe049583bed","568a2b4c-dd8d-4955-8ec1-670a1970098c",[364],"Which of the following applies to Château du Clos Lucé in Amboise, France?",[366],"Leonardo's residence in his last years.",[368,369,370],"Rule of the Medici family","Quaint town in Tuscany, surrounded by hills","Ruled by Sforza court",[129],[373],{"left":374,"right":375,"direction":19},"Château du Clos Lucé, Amboise, France","Leonardo's residence in his last years",{"id":377,"data":378,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"6c029386-dafa-4bc1-be25-3fa7d8ab7bf5",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":34,"multiChoiceQuestion":379,"multiChoiceCorrect":381,"multiChoiceIncorrect":383,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6},[380],"Who invited Leonardo to France?",[382],"King Francis I",[384,385,386],"King Louis XIV","Queen Elizabeth I","King Henry VIII",{"id":388,"data":389,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"1a98ebf0-c45a-4957-925c-ec240a8de77d",{"type":52,"reviewType":34,"spacingBehaviour":34,"activeRecallQuestion":390,"activeRecallAnswers":392},[391],"After being inherited by Francesco Melzi, where is the \"Mona Lisa\" currently housed?",[393],"The Louvre Museum in Paris",{"id":395,"data":396,"type":52,"version":34,"maxContentLevel":19},"804e23a9-dd18-4f71-95e3-e689a26eaaed",{"type":52,"reviewType":19,"spacingBehaviour":34,"collapsingSiblings":397,"multiChoiceQuestion":401,"multiChoiceCorrect":403,"multiChoiceIncorrect":405,"multiChoiceMultiSelect":6,"multiChoiceRevealAnswerOption":6,"orderAxisType":34,"orderQuestion":409,"orderItems":410},[398,399,400],"f965a8cf-e020-464d-a88a-fac7eca66715","efffd36c-7436-4bb1-9d05-a63598ba7343","f67cd72f-4afc-4e07-8cb1-a22e8c9f5795",[402],"When did Leonardo die?",[404],"1519",[406,407,408],"1510","1511","1610",[109],[411],{"label":412,"reveal":404,"sortOrder":24},"Leonardo's death",[414,515,675],{"id":22,"data":23,"type":24,"version":24,"maxContentLevel":19,"summaryPage":26,"introPage":35,"pages":415},[416,453,488],{"id":44,"data":45,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":48,"parsed":417},{"data":418,"body":421,"toc":451},{"title":419,"description":420},"","In 1499, a significant political shift occurred in Milan, which directly affected Leonardo da Vinci's position and safety in the city. Duke Ludovico Sforza, Leonardo's primary patron, faced a military invasion by the French.",{"type":422,"children":423},"root",[424,431,436,446],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":427,"children":428},"element","p",{},[429],{"type":430,"value":420},"text",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":432,"children":433},{},[434],{"type":430,"value":435},"The French forces, led by King Louis XII, wanted to lay claim to the Duchy of Milan based on Louis XII's assertion of his descent from the Visconti family, which had earlier ruled Milan.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":437,"children":438},{},[439],{"type":425,"tag":440,"props":441,"children":445},"img",{"alt":442,"src":443,"title":444},"Graph","image://5e80e2ba-78c9-49dc-9e23-fd89592a2307","Duke Ludovico Sforza. Image: Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":447,"children":448},{},[449],{"type":430,"value":450},"Ludovico Sforza tried to resist, but by the end of 1499, Milan was captured by French forces, and Ludovico was taken prisoner in France, where he died in captivity.",{"title":419,"searchDepth":24,"depth":24,"links":452},[],{"id":77,"data":78,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":81,"parsed":454},{"data":455,"body":457,"toc":486},{"title":419,"description":456},"Given Leonardo's close association with the Sforza court, the fall of the Duke and the consequent shift in power made Milan a less hospitable place for the artist, and Leonardo decided to leave Milan for a period of travel in Italy, including his native Florence in 1500.",{"type":422,"children":458},[459,463,468,473,478],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":460,"children":461},{},[462],{"type":430,"value":456},{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":464,"children":465},{},[466],{"type":430,"value":467},"During this time, Florence was undergoing its own set of changes, having transitioned from the rule of the Medici family to the Republic after the expulsion of Piero de' Medici in 1494.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":469,"children":470},{},[471],{"type":430,"value":472},"In this Florentine setting, around 1503, Leonardo began work on the portrait of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Florentine silk merchant Francesco del Giocondo, which we today know as the 'Mona Lisa' or 'La Gioconda.'",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":474,"children":475},{},[476],{"type":430,"value":477},"It was possibly a commission, though we do not know this for certain.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":479,"children":480},{},[481],{"type":425,"tag":440,"props":482,"children":485},{"alt":442,"src":483,"title":484},"image://23bbd80b-553c-4568-8d3d-1475c80c547f","The Mona Lisa. Image: Leonardo da Vinci, Public Domain via Wikimedia commons",[],{"title":419,"searchDepth":24,"depth":24,"links":487},[],{"id":153,"data":154,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":157,"parsed":489},{"data":490,"body":492,"toc":513},{"title":419,"description":491},"This period in Florence was particularly fruitful for Leonardo artistically, with him undertaking several significant works, the 'Mona Lisa' being the most iconic among them.",{"type":422,"children":493},[494,498,503,508],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":495,"children":496},{},[497],{"type":430,"value":491},{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":499,"children":500},{},[501],{"type":430,"value":502},"It’s generally believed that Leonardo painted the “Mona Lisa” or “La Gioconda” between 1503 and 1506, but that he continued to refine it intermittently until as late as 1519.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":504,"children":505},{},[506],{"type":430,"value":507},"This extended period of work on a single painting is indicative of Leonardo's meticulous character and his relentless pursuit of perfection.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":509,"children":510},{},[511],{"type":430,"value":512},"It also suggests that the Mona Lisa was a project of great personal significance to him, one that he was unwilling to rush or compromise on, casting some degree of doubt over its status as a mere commission.",{"title":419,"searchDepth":24,"depth":24,"links":514},[],{"id":166,"data":167,"type":24,"version":19,"maxContentLevel":19,"summaryPage":169,"introPage":177,"pages":516},[517,565,590,615,645],{"id":185,"data":186,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":189,"parsed":518},{"data":519,"body":521,"toc":563},{"title":419,"description":520},"The Mona Lisa is unusual in several respects, but one of the most obvious differences is the format of the painting: the Mona Lisa is a half-length portrait.",{"type":422,"children":522},[523,527,532,537,545,550,555],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":524,"children":525},{},[526],{"type":430,"value":520},{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":528,"children":529},{},[530],{"type":430,"value":531},"This was unusual for the time, as most portraits were either full-length or busts. It was not unheard of for Leonardo, however. The 'Lady with an Ermine,' is another prominent example of this format in his work.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":533,"children":534},{},[535],{"type":430,"value":536},"By depicting Lisa del Giocondo from the waist up, Leonardo was able to convey her personality and presence more vividly. The half-length format allowed him to depict her hands and the intricate folds of her dress.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":538,"children":539},{},[540],{"type":425,"tag":440,"props":541,"children":544},{"alt":442,"src":542,"title":543},"image://43238aec-063d-4faf-94c5-95f8b034f88f","The Mona Lisa's Hands. Image: Leonardo da Vinci, Public Domain via Wikimedia commons",[],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":546,"children":547},{},[548],{"type":430,"value":549},"Despite its fuller view of Lisa Gherardini, when visitors first see the 'Mona Lisa' at the Louvre Museum in Paris, many are surprised by its overall small size, especially when juxtaposed against its large frame, as well as the vast crowds that typically gather around it.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":551,"children":552},{},[553],{"type":430,"value":554},"The painting measures just 77 cm in height and 53 cm in width (about 30 x 20.9 inches).",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":556,"children":557},{},[558],{"type":425,"tag":440,"props":559,"children":562},{"alt":442,"src":560,"title":561},"image://33b1b9ec-afb4-468e-8378-4e665ae313d9","Visitors of Louvre looking at Mona Lisa. Image: Armand, CC BY 2.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"title":419,"searchDepth":24,"depth":24,"links":564},[],{"id":202,"data":203,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":19,"reviews":206,"parsed":566},{"data":567,"body":569,"toc":588},{"title":419,"description":568},"The natural landscape in the background of the Mona Lisa is an important element of the painting, often overlooked. However, closer examination reveals a plethora of detail and a deep appreciation for the natural world. The landscape is rendered in impressive detail, incorporating mountains, water, and winding paths. It does a wonderful job of enhancing the presence of the subject, providing a backdrop against which she stands out.",{"type":422,"children":570},[571,575,583],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":572,"children":573},{},[574],{"type":430,"value":568},{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":576,"children":577},{},[578],{"type":425,"tag":440,"props":579,"children":582},{"alt":442,"src":580,"title":581},"image://240c5bcc-bc13-4d51-b15a-dec515c98485","Natural landscape in the background on the left side of the Mona Lisa. Image: Leonardo da Vinci, Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":584,"children":585},{},[586],{"type":430,"value":587},"The natural background also demonstrates Leonardo's mastery of “atmospheric perspective”, a technique that involves creating the illusion of depth by subtly changing the color and clarity of objects as they recede into the distance. This technique contributes to the overall sense of realism and depth in the painting, making the landscape seem like a tangible, three-dimensional space.",{"title":419,"searchDepth":24,"depth":24,"links":589},[],{"id":226,"data":227,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":230,"parsed":591},{"data":592,"body":594,"toc":613},{"title":419,"description":593},"The Mona Lisa's smile is one of the most discussed and analyzed aspects of the painting. It has intrigued viewers for centuries and has sparked much debate and speculation.",{"type":422,"children":595},[596,600,608],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":597,"children":598},{},[599],{"type":430,"value":593},{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":601,"children":602},{},[603],{"type":425,"tag":440,"props":604,"children":607},{"alt":442,"src":605,"title":606},"image://240b5eb0-de83-4b00-aaa5-e9d989b3f2ef","The Mona Lisa's Mysterious Smile. Image: Leonardo da Vinci via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":609,"children":610},{},[611],{"type":430,"value":612},"Many viewers believe that the Mona Lisa’s expression appears to change when observed from different angles. From some perspectives, she appears to be simply smiling, while from others, her expression seems more neutral or sullen. Some believe it reflects Leonardo's understanding of human psychology, while others see it as a clever artistic trick designed to engage the viewer.",{"title":419,"searchDepth":24,"depth":24,"links":614},[],{"id":239,"data":240,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":19,"reviews":243,"parsed":616},{"data":617,"body":619,"toc":643},{"title":419,"description":618},"The eyes of the Mona Lisa are renowned for being remarkably lifelike, mysterious and expressive, and an excellent example of sfumato at its best.",{"type":422,"children":620},[621,625,633,638],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":622,"children":623},{},[624],{"type":430,"value":618},{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":626,"children":627},{},[628],{"type":425,"tag":440,"props":629,"children":632},{"alt":442,"src":630,"title":631},"image://ac0186e2-683d-4e50-b389-19df611ac0f5","The eyes of Mona Lisa. Image: Leonardo da Vinci via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":634,"children":635},{},[636],{"type":430,"value":637},"This technique allowed him to capture the subtle play of light on the eyeballs as well as the surrounding skin. It also contributed to their sense of transparency and depth, resembling real eyes and even making them appear to follow the viewer as they move around the room.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":639,"children":640},{},[641],{"type":430,"value":642},"He also managed to add a touch of luminosity and realism to the eyes by adding a small, bright highlight in the center of the iris.",{"title":419,"searchDepth":24,"depth":24,"links":644},[],{"id":256,"data":257,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":260,"parsed":646},{"data":647,"body":649,"toc":673},{"title":419,"description":648},"Initially, the Mona Lisa was admired primarily by artists and scholars as part of Leonardo’s relatively small collection of surviving artwork. However, its high-profile theft from the Louvre in 1911 and subsequent return to the Louvre brought it to the attention of the general public.",{"type":422,"children":650},[651,655,660,668],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":652,"children":653},{},[654],{"type":430,"value":648},{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":656,"children":657},{},[658],{"type":430,"value":659},"This event, which was widely reported in the media, transformed the Mona Lisa from a respected work of art into a cultural phenomenon.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":661,"children":662},{},[663],{"type":425,"tag":440,"props":664,"children":667},{"alt":442,"src":665,"title":666},"image://3e65e110-0fc8-41d9-85a2-f8f428bd97ea","Courtyard in the Louvre. Image: Benh LIEU SONG, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":669,"children":670},{},[671],{"type":430,"value":672},"Over time, the Mona Lisa has become a symbol of high culture and is often used in popular culture to represent art itself. It has been reproduced, parodied, and referenced in countless ways, from advertisements to movies to internet memes.",{"title":419,"searchDepth":24,"depth":24,"links":674},[],{"id":269,"data":270,"type":24,"version":19,"maxContentLevel":19,"summaryPage":272,"introPage":280,"pages":676},[677,717,752,792],{"id":288,"data":289,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":292,"parsed":678},{"data":679,"body":681,"toc":715},{"title":419,"description":680},"Other notable works of Da Vinci date to the period in which the artist was known to be working on the Mona Lisa.",{"type":422,"children":682},[683,687,692,700,705,710],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":684,"children":685},{},[686],{"type":430,"value":680},{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":688,"children":689},{},[690],{"type":430,"value":691},"'The Head of a Woman' (often referred to as 'La Scapigliata\") is an unfinished artwork by Leonardo da Vinci, created around 1508.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":693,"children":694},{},[695],{"type":425,"tag":440,"props":696,"children":699},{"alt":442,"src":697,"title":698},"image://d97e4f5d-dc6b-4790-b623-ba6cd6c62b01","The Head of a Woman/ La Scapigliata. Image: Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":701,"children":702},{},[703],{"type":430,"value":704},"This delicate piece, executed using oil on wood, is renowned for its intimate portrayal of a young woman with disheveled hair, which lends the work its name 'La Scapigliata,' translating to 'disheveled' in Italian.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":706,"children":707},{},[708],{"type":430,"value":709},"Measuring 24.7 cm x 21 cm, 'La Scapigliata' is characterized by soft, smoky gradations. The painting can be seen as a study or experiment in naturalism. The tousled hair, delicate features, and incomplete nature of the work suggest spontaneity and keen observation.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":711,"children":712},{},[713],{"type":430,"value":714},"Presently, it is housed in the Galleria Nazionale di Parma, Italy.",{"title":419,"searchDepth":24,"depth":24,"links":716},[],{"id":316,"data":317,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":320,"parsed":718},{"data":719,"body":721,"toc":750},{"title":419,"description":720},"Leda and the Swan' is a lost work by Leonardo da Vinci, believed to have been created between 1503 and 1506. Based on the mythological tale, the artwork depicted the seduction of Leda, the queen of Sparta, by Zeus, who took the form of a swan.",{"type":422,"children":722},[723,727,735,740,745],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":724,"children":725},{},[726],{"type":430,"value":720},{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":728,"children":729},{},[730],{"type":425,"tag":440,"props":731,"children":734},{"alt":442,"src":732,"title":733},"image://f40317d1-8184-46eb-8410-6e0ba0291596","Leda and the Swan copy. Image: Cesare da Sesto via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":736,"children":737},{},[738],{"type":430,"value":739},"While no original versions survive, its significance is underlined by the numerous copies and sketches made by other artists of the time, preserving its composition and details.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":741,"children":742},{},[743],{"type":430,"value":744},"It's known that Leonardo represented Leda in a standing position, tenderly embracing the swan with an accompanying backdrop of nature, emphasizing themes of fertility and union.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":746,"children":747},{},[748],{"type":430,"value":749},"Leonardo's constant experimentation with materials and techniques, leading to the instability of some pieces, might have contributed to the work's eventual deterioration and loss.",{"title":419,"searchDepth":24,"depth":24,"links":751},[],{"id":336,"data":337,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":24,"reviews":340,"parsed":753},{"data":754,"body":756,"toc":790},{"title":419,"description":755},"'Saint John the Baptist' is one of Leonardo da Vinci's later works, believed to have been painted between 1513 and 1516. Currently, 'Saint John the Baptist' is housed in the Louvre Museum in Paris.",{"type":422,"children":757},[758,762,767,772,780,785],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":759,"children":760},{},[761],{"type":430,"value":755},{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":763,"children":764},{},[765],{"type":430,"value":766},"The artwork portrays a youthful Saint John in isolation, depicted with Leonardo's characteristic sfumato technique, where sharp outlines are eschewed in favor of soft, smoky transitions.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":768,"children":769},{},[770],{"type":430,"value":771},"In the dim light, Saint John gestures upward with one hand, while holding a cross made of reeds in the other, symbolizing his role in baptizing Jesus and foretelling Christ's crucifixion. His enigmatic smile and direct gaze have drawn comparisons with the 'Mona Lisa.'",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":773,"children":774},{},[775],{"type":425,"tag":440,"props":776,"children":779},{"alt":442,"src":777,"title":778},"image://df5b73c1-98ee-4010-af73-b73e0f43a5df","Saint John the Baptist. Image: Leonardo da Vinci via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":781,"children":782},{},[783],{"type":430,"value":784},"Created during the last years of Leonardo's life, the painting reflects the culmination of his artistic evolution, showcasing a mature application of his techniques and a deep understanding of human form and emotion.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":786,"children":787},{},[788],{"type":430,"value":789},"Moreover, the androgynous depiction of Saint John, with his long curls and soft features, is a testament to Leonardo's interest in blurring the lines between masculinity and femininity, a theme seen in other works as well.",{"title":419,"searchDepth":24,"depth":24,"links":791},[],{"id":351,"data":352,"type":34,"maxContentLevel":19,"version":19,"reviews":355,"parsed":793},{"data":794,"body":796,"toc":825},{"title":419,"description":795},"Leonardo spent the last years of his life in France, having been invited by King Francis I. He moved to the Château du Clos Lucé in Amboise, which is located in the Loire Valley, in 1516.",{"type":422,"children":797},[798,802,810,815,820],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":799,"children":800},{},[801],{"type":430,"value":795},{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":803,"children":804},{},[805],{"type":425,"tag":440,"props":806,"children":809},{"alt":442,"src":807,"title":808},"image://c06490e3-e176-406c-a922-1ee16a505692","King Francis I. Image: Jean Clouet via Wikimedia Commons",[],{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":811,"children":812},{},[813],{"type":430,"value":814},"This invitation from Francis I was a testament to the high regard in which he was held, not just as a painter but as an all-around intellectual and innovator.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":816,"children":817},{},[818],{"type":430,"value":819},"Leonardo is believed to have taken several of his paintings, including the 'Mona Lisa,' with him when he moved to France. Upon his death in 1519, his apprentice and companion, Francesco Melzi, inherited his artistic and scientific collections.",{"type":425,"tag":426,"props":821,"children":822},{},[823],{"type":430,"value":824},"The 'Mona Lisa' was eventually acquired by King Francis I and has remained in France ever since. Today, it is housed in the Louvre Museum in Paris.",{"title":419,"searchDepth":24,"depth":24,"links":826},[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":828,"height":828,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":829},24,"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"m9 18l6-6l-6-6\"/>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":828,"height":828,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":831},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M4 5h16M4 12h16M4 19h16\"/>",1778228218769]